本文關(guān)鍵詞：現(xiàn)代漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞研究　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 現(xiàn)代漢語 狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞 語法特征 語義特征 界性 對(duì)比分析

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代漢語詞類研究中,動(dòng)詞研究尤其是動(dòng)詞的次范疇研究一直是漢語語法研究者所關(guān)心的問題。本文以作為現(xiàn)代漢語動(dòng)詞次類的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)其性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行全面的描寫與分析,希望可以通過系統(tǒng)地考察揭示該類動(dòng)詞在語法、語義、認(rèn)知等方面的特點(diǎn),探討它們?cè)诂F(xiàn)代漢語中的一些使用規(guī)律。全文共為七章。具體內(nèi)容如下:第一章是緒論。本章對(duì)以往有關(guān)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的研究進(jìn)行回顧,主要對(duì)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞研究中的主要觀點(diǎn)、成果和存在的問題作一簡(jiǎn)要的綜述。第二章對(duì)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行考察和重新界定。從語義的角度對(duì)林杏光等主編的《現(xiàn)代漢語動(dòng)詞大詞典》中的動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行篩選,最終確定了373個(gè)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞作為研究對(duì)象。在分類上,我們以動(dòng)詞帶上客體成分的可能性將狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞分為兩大類,然后根據(jù)動(dòng)詞所支配的必有語義成分的數(shù)量又將狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行下位分類。第三章對(duì)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征進(jìn)行描寫與分析。我們主要就狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞作為動(dòng)詞的主要語法性質(zhì)與語法功能和作其他語法成分如作主語、賓語、定語、補(bǔ)語的次要語法功能進(jìn)行分析,并對(duì)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞帶賓語、補(bǔ)語的情況進(jìn)行了探討,最后對(duì)各類狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞所構(gòu)成的句式分布進(jìn)行歸納和描寫。第四章主要考察和探討狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞與其他同現(xiàn)成分的共現(xiàn)規(guī)律。我們主要從漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句法上有共同性質(zhì)的角度去論述,從多個(gè)角度比較詳細(xì)地描寫狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞與同現(xiàn)成分的句法特征和分布規(guī)律,包括狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞帶“了”、“過”的考察,狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞與“正、在(正在)......著呢”的搭配,狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否能帶上時(shí)量成分,狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞與程度副詞的搭配,以及狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞與對(duì)象介詞的同現(xiàn)等等。第五章考察了狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句式語義、配價(jià)語義屬性及狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的及物性等問題。狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞所支配的必有語義成分主要有三個(gè):系事、涉事、與事,三個(gè)語義角色配置的不同會(huì)引起句法結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。我們具體地分析NP1、NP2、NP3的類型及它們之間的語義關(guān)系。從配價(jià)角度考察了一價(jià)、二價(jià)、三價(jià)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語義屬性情況,并對(duì)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的及物性問題進(jìn)行了初步分析。我們認(rèn)為能充當(dāng)NP1的可以是表時(shí)間、處所、機(jī)構(gòu)或指人的詞語,能充當(dāng)NP2和NP3的只能是具體名詞和抽象名詞。探討了NP1、NP2和NP3三者之間的關(guān)系,從整體上來講,NP1和NP2具有廣義的領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系,這種領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系就是占有領(lǐng)屬、附屬領(lǐng)屬、時(shí)間與處所、整體與部分等關(guān)系;而NP2與NP3之間則不存在結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。第六章主要探討狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的界性問題和狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)軸上的過程結(jié)構(gòu)問題。對(duì)于漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的界性問題,我們根據(jù)三要素即前界、后界、持續(xù)段的有無和強(qiáng)弱的特點(diǎn),將漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞分為五小類進(jìn)行考察。然后從這五類的界性特征及認(rèn)知的角度來描寫時(shí)量短語以及體標(biāo)記“了”、“著”、“過”對(duì)漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的界性的影響和制約情況。在漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過程結(jié)構(gòu)考察中,主要探討漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間性等語義屬性,分析并指出漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞如果放在時(shí)間結(jié)構(gòu)上會(huì)體現(xiàn)出一個(gè)連續(xù)系統(tǒng)。第七章主要從漢語和越南語對(duì)比角度考察漢語與越南語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的異同。我們從第二章的373個(gè)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞中篩選出167組漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞,將其與對(duì)應(yīng)越譯動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行對(duì)比。根據(jù)《現(xiàn)代漢語動(dòng)詞大詞典》對(duì)狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的解釋義及《漢越詞典》與其對(duì)應(yīng)的解釋義情況,從詞義寬窄、詞義交叉以及詞義不對(duì)應(yīng)等角度對(duì)漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞與其對(duì)應(yīng)的越譯動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行比較分析,歸納其異同之處。其次,從語法功能、語義特征、句型結(jié)構(gòu)等方面對(duì)漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其越譯動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行分析,歸納其異同點(diǎn)。再次,采用陳昌來先生的配價(jià)理論,對(duì)漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞及其越譯動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行語義成分的比較,歸納其異同點(diǎn)。最后,以漢語狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞“死”和其對(duì)應(yīng)越譯動(dòng)詞“ch?t”作為個(gè)案,從語法特征、語義結(jié)構(gòu)等方面進(jìn)行全面地比較,歸納出兩者的異同之處。
[Abstract]:In the study of modern Chinese lexical category, especially on time on the category of verb verb is always the concern of Chinese grammar research. In this paper, as a kind of modern Chinese verb state verbs as the research object, the nature, characteristics of the overall description and analysis, and hope that through the systematic investigation revealed the verb in grammar, semantics, cognitive characteristics and other aspects, to explore them in modern Chinese using rules. The thesis consists of seven chapters. The specific contents are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction. This chapter of the previous research on state verbs in the past, mainly on the main points of state verbs, achievements and limitations of the make a summary. The second chapter is to investigate and redefinition of state verbs. Screening of edited by Lin Xingguang "verbs in modern Chinese Dictionary > verbs from the semantic point of view, the final The 373 state verbs as the research object. On the classification, we use the verb with object composition on the possibility of the state verbs are divided into two categories, then according to the number of semantic components shall be governed by the verb and the state verbs under the classification. The third chapter on grammatical features of verb description and state analysis. We mainly state verbs as the main grammatical features and grammatical functions of verbs and other grammatical elements such as subject, object, attributive, complement minor grammatical function analysis, and with the object of state verb complement are discussed, finally the syntactic distribution of each state verbs are induced and description. The fourth chapter mainly discusses the co-occurrence regularity and explore the state verbs and other sentence constituents. We mainly from the Chinese state verbs have a common property perspective to discuss in syntax, from A more detailed description of the syntactic features and distribution rules of state verbs and co-occurrence components of multiple perspectives, including state verbs with "a", "" study, state verbs and ", in (is)... It..." the collocation, state verbs would bring the amount of ingredients, state verb collocation with the degree adverbs, and verbs and Object Preposition co-occurrence and so on. The fifth chapter describes the semantic state verb, transitive problems such as semantic attributes and valence state verbs. The State shall be governed by the verb has three main components: semantic, things, and events, three semantic roles different configurations will change the syntactic structure. We analyze the NP1, NP2, NP3 and the types of semantic relationships between them. The effects of price, from the valence angle of two valence, semantic properties of trivalent state verbs, and transitivity to state verbs The problem is analyzed. We think that can serve as NP1 can be time, place, or institution refers to the words that can serve as NP2 and NP3 are only concrete nouns and abstract nouns. To explore the relationship between NP2 and NP1, NP3 three, on the whole, NP1 and NP2 are generalized this is the genitive, possessive possessive genitive possession, affiliated time and place, the whole and the part of relationship between NP2 and NP3; and there is no structural relationship. The sixth chapter mainly discusses the boundary of state verbs and state verbs in the process of the shaft structure. For the problem of the boundary of Chinese state verbs we, according to the three elements: before, after, continue the characteristics and strength of the Chinese state verbs into five types were investigated. Then from the five kinds of the community characteristics and cognitive perspective to describe the time phrase and marker" "," "," "the verb of Chinese state circles of influence and restriction. In the process of investigation structure of Chinese state verbs, mainly discusses the time of Chinese verb semantic attribute state, analysis and points out that Chinese state verbs if placed in the structure of time will show a continuous system. The seventh chapter mainly discusses the similarities and differences between Chinese and Vietnamese state verbs from Chinese and Vietnamese comparative perspective. We selected 167 groups of Chinese verbs from 373 state verbs in the second chapter, with the corresponding translation of verbs are compared. According to the situation of modern Chinese" explains the meaning of the Verb Dictionary > state verb explanation and < Vietnamese dictionary > and the width from the meaning, translation of verb meaning and the meaning of the cross angle of Chinese verbs should not state the corresponding comparative analysis, summarized the similarities and differences of the second. And from the grammatical function, semantic features of Chinese verbs and verb translation state more aspects of sentence structure analysis, summarizes the similarities and differences. Thirdly, the valence theory of Mr. Chen Changlai, compare the semantic components of Chinese verbs and the translation of state verbs, summarizes its similarities and differences. Finally, the Chinese verb "dead state" the translation and the corresponding verb "ch? T" as a case, from the aspects of grammatical features, semantic structure of a comprehensive comparison, summed up the similarities and differences between the two.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：H146

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 崔璨;袁毓林;;“勝敗”類動(dòng)詞的及物性類型分析[J];語言教學(xué)與研究;2015年05期

2 倪蘭;;上海手語動(dòng)詞的及物性[J];語言研究集刊;2014年01期

3 劉琴;;非自主動(dòng)詞進(jìn)入“V+一下”格式考察[J];金田;2014年07期

4 許繪影;;簡(jiǎn)論動(dòng)詞的內(nèi)部過程與“把”字句中動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)條件之間的關(guān)系[J];金田;2014年07期

5 吳義誠(chéng);李艷芝;;語言及物性的構(gòu)式研究[J];外國(guó)語(上海外國(guó)語大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào));2014年03期

6 熊學(xué)亮;付巖;;英漢中動(dòng)詞的及物性探究[J];外語教學(xué)與研究;2013年01期

7 李思旭;;“有界”“無界”與補(bǔ)語“完”的有界化作用[J];漢語學(xué)習(xí);2011年05期

8 袁雪瑤;;動(dòng)詞的情狀類型與界性——從數(shù)量詞對(duì)語法結(jié)構(gòu)的制約作用中得到的啟發(fā)[J];福建論壇(社科教育版);2010年10期

9 佟樺;;弱及物性動(dòng)詞與處置式[J];青年文學(xué)家;2010年11期

10 許結(jié)玲;馬蔚彤;;動(dòng)量詞的語義特征與動(dòng)詞過程結(jié)構(gòu)的聯(lián)系[J];佛山科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2010年01期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 周娟;現(xiàn)代漢語動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)量詞組合研究[D];暨南大學(xué);2007年

2 李金蘭;現(xiàn)代漢語身體動(dòng)詞的認(rèn)知研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2006年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前9條

1 陳靜;漢語動(dòng)詞組的界性決定因素研究[D];湖南大學(xué);2014年

2 秦加怡;現(xiàn)代漢語體標(biāo)記“在”和“著”的對(duì)比研究及類型學(xué)考察[D];上海師范大學(xué);2014年

3 王慶梅;現(xiàn)代漢語三價(jià)動(dòng)詞及相關(guān)問題研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2013年

4 姜露;漢語不及物動(dòng)詞及物用法的句法學(xué)解釋[D];長(zhǎng)江大學(xué);2013年

5 黃恩任;現(xiàn)代漢語對(duì)象類介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配研究[D];上海師范大學(xué);2012年

6 王唐燕;現(xiàn)代漢語助詞“著”的多角度研究[D];浙江大學(xué);2009年

7 翟彤;現(xiàn)代漢語連動(dòng)句的謂語動(dòng)詞研究[D];西南大學(xué);2009年

8 王丹;漢語動(dòng)詞的“界限”問題研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2006年

9 周麗萍;程度副詞對(duì)VP的選擇性研究[D];上海師范大學(xué);2003年

，

本文編號(hào)：1395456