本文關(guān)鍵詞：“人民之子”與“荒蕪英雄”—張承志論　出處：《上海大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：在中國(guó)當(dāng)代文壇上，張承志以他不滅不息的理想主義追求成為獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟的人物。翻檢作家的生平概況，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，在理想主義背后，張承志有一份頗為特別的人生履歷。文革期間，他是“紅衛(wèi)兵”一詞的發(fā)明者，下鄉(xiāng)知青中的一員；文革結(jié)束后，他是首批接受研究生教育的知識(shí)分子，頻頻獲獎(jiǎng)的文壇黑馬；自1990年代以來(lái)，他是放棄一切公職游走于中國(guó)邊疆和阿拉伯世界的自由文人，伊斯蘭哲合忍耶教派的信仰者，堅(jiān)定批判新帝國(guó)主義霸權(quán)的第三世界國(guó)際主義者。但是，在世所公認(rèn)“理想主義”之外，關(guān)于張承志的巨大爭(zhēng)議二十余年來(lái)也未曾平息。除了文風(fēng)、性情上的偏執(zhí)、過(guò)激、自大，人民神話(huà)的制造者、危險(xiǎn)的民族主義者、道德烏托邦的鼓吹者、文化專(zhuān)制主義者、與伊斯蘭信仰相關(guān)的原教旨主義者、恐怖主義者……都是加諸于作家頭上的文化評(píng)判。 要辨析這些身份標(biāo)簽與張承志的創(chuàng)作、思想之間的關(guān)系并非易事，它所涉及的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不只是作家個(gè)人的寫(xiě)作。尖銳的爭(zhēng)議表征著社會(huì)巨變撕扯下的思想沖突，事關(guān)兩極分化社會(huì)格局中知識(shí)的位置與立場(chǎng)、如何對(duì)待后冷戰(zhàn)世界體系中新的屠戮壓迫與犧牲抵抗、大國(guó)崛起和內(nèi)憂(yōu)外患交疊下的中國(guó)選擇什么道路；同時(shí)，在這些現(xiàn)實(shí)命題背后還埋伏著對(duì)中國(guó)的社會(huì)主義歷史實(shí)踐和整個(gè)第三世界革命的不同態(tài)度，包含著對(duì)近三十年來(lái)當(dāng)代文學(xué)和思想文化脈絡(luò)的重新檢討。今天，重新走近張承志、討論張承志無(wú)疑是困難的，但正是使張承志成為一個(gè)難題的文學(xué)、思想、歷史、現(xiàn)實(shí)等諸多要素，標(biāo)志了他的重要性。 本文試圖深入解析這一難題，對(duì)作家的創(chuàng)作實(shí)踐和人生道路進(jìn)行更加完整也更具突破性的研究。自1978年初登文壇，張承志便提出了“為人民”的宗旨，這一創(chuàng)作原則連同“人民之子”的身份意識(shí)，無(wú)疑是他建立文學(xué)根底的重要支撐，但八九十年代之交，來(lái)自社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)、文學(xué)和文化狀況的刺激，，使得另外一種形象在張承志筆下愈發(fā)顯著，這就是“荒蕪英雄”。本文將緊扣“人民之子”和“荒蕪英雄”所構(gòu)成的雙重自我形象對(duì)張承志展開(kāi)論述。引言部分將以“理想主義”為核心，分階段地整理、分析、評(píng)價(jià)既有的作家研究。前兩章著意探究“為人民”創(chuàng)作原則的文學(xué)生成及其多樣內(nèi)涵，追溯1960年代的紅衛(wèi)兵理想與這一原則的深刻關(guān)聯(lián)，并以新時(shí)期文學(xué)的發(fā)端語(yǔ)境為參照，討論張承志的文學(xué)道路包含的獨(dú)特意義。第三、四章結(jié)合《心靈史》等西北伊斯蘭題材的作品，分析“人民之子”與“荒蕪英雄”兩重形象的轉(zhuǎn)換，闡釋“為人民”創(chuàng)作原則的內(nèi)在緊張和矛盾，勾勒“荒蕪英雄”的誕生及其內(nèi)在問(wèn)題。第五、六章則進(jìn)入張承志的散文創(chuàng)作，繼續(xù)抓住他的文學(xué)原則和人生取道，評(píng)判“人文精神”討論階段圍繞作家的贊許和爭(zhēng)議，梳理九十年代中期以后張承志散文寫(xiě)作的幾個(gè)重要主題。 綜上，本文嘗試回答的問(wèn)題包括以下幾個(gè)方面：其一，理想主義作為對(duì)張承志的寫(xiě)作與人生精神的提煉究竟蘊(yùn)藏著哪些和歷史、現(xiàn)實(shí)密切相關(guān)的文學(xué)連帶，共存于理想主義內(nèi)部的“人民之子”和“荒蕪英雄”構(gòu)成了怎樣的關(guān)系，又對(duì)作家的創(chuàng)作產(chǎn)生了何種影響；其二，如果將張承志視為一個(gè)極具爭(zhēng)議的另類(lèi)作家，那么他的存在、他個(gè)人的文學(xué)寫(xiě)作和人生經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)當(dāng)代文壇究竟意味著什么；其三，張承志所追求的知識(shí)分子與人民相結(jié)合的道路經(jīng)歷了怎樣的艱難和曲折，他留下的思想資源為當(dāng)下和未來(lái)的中國(guó)提供了怎樣的啟示。由于對(duì)象緊密地嵌入當(dāng)代中國(guó)的歷史語(yǔ)境和社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，也由于張承志對(duì)“文明內(nèi)部的發(fā)言”的強(qiáng)調(diào)、對(duì)文化帝國(guó)主義的批判所表現(xiàn)出的第三世界立場(chǎng)，本文在方法上不會(huì)涉及更多的西方文學(xué)、文化理論，而是帶入社會(huì)歷史的變遷、文學(xué)潮流的更替，綜合各方面資料，以文本細(xì)讀為主要方式進(jìn)入張承志的文學(xué)、思想和人生實(shí)踐，以求在既有研究成果之上，重新闡釋和解析張承志對(duì)我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的意義。
[Abstract]:China in the contemporary literary world, Zhang Chengzhi with the idealism of his eternal endless pursuit of the life of people. Has become an independent school among writers, it is not difficult to find, in the idealism behind, Zhang Chengzhi has a very special life experience. During the cultural revolution, he is the "Red Guards" of the inventor of the countryside a member of the youth; after the cultural revolution, he was one of the first graduate education of intellectuals, literary prize horse; since 1990s, he is free to give up all the public walk in Chinese literati border and Arabia world, Islamic jahrinya religious believers, criticizing Neo imperialist hegemony third the world internationalists. However, in the world recognized "idealism", about Zhang Chengzhi the great controversy over the past twenty years has never subsided. In addition to style, temperament paranoid, aggressive, arrogant, The makers of the people's mythology, the dangerous nationalists, the advocates of moral Utopian, the cultural absolutism, the fundamentalists related to the Islamic beliefs, the terrorists are all cultural judgments on the writers' heads.
To distinguish these tags and the creation of Zhang Chengzhi thought, the relationship between is not easy, it involves more than just the writer's personal writing. The sharp controversy characterizes the ideological conflicts in social upheaval tear, concerning the position and the position of knowledge of social polarization pattern, how to treat the new oppression killing in the Post Cold War world system with the sacrifice of resistance, the rise of great powers and overlapping the domestic trouble and foreign invasion to choose what Chinese road; at the same time, behind these realistic proposition also lie in different attitudes to the history and practice of socialist Chinese throughout the third world revolution, contains the review of contemporary literature and culture context of the past thirty years. Today, again approached Zhang Chengzhi, Zhang Chengzhi discuss is difficult, but it is that Zhang Chengzhi has become a difficult problem of literature, thought, history, reality and other factors, mark His importance.
This paper tries to research the problem of in-depth analysis, more complete and more breakthrough of the writer's creation practice and way of life. Since the beginning of 1978 to the literary world, Zhang Chengzhi has proposed a "people" purpose, the principle of creation together with the identity consciousness of people ", is undoubtedly an important support he established based on literature, but the turn of the 80s and 90s, from the social reality, literature and cultural status of the stimulus, makes another image increasingly significant in Zhang Chengzhi's works, this is the" wild hero ". This paper will double self image which focuses on" people "and" wild hero "to discuss Zhang Chengzhi introduction. Will be part of the" idealism "as the core, finishing stages, analysis, evaluation of the existing research. The first two chapters, the writer explores" literature creation principle for the people "and its diverse connotation, chase Back in 1960s the deep relationship between the ideal and the red guards of this principle, and in the context of the new period literature originated as a reference, discuss the unique significance of Zhang Chengzhi's literature contains. The third, fourth chapter discusses the "history of soul > Northwest Islamic works, analysis of" conversion man of the people "and" wild hero "double image. Interpretation of" for people "creation principle of the inherent tensions and contradictions, the outline of" born barren hero "and its inherent problems. The fifth, sixth chapter in Zhang Chengzhi's prose creation, his literary life and continue to hold the principle of taking, discussion around the writer's praise and controversy judge" humanistic spirit ", combing Zhang Chengzhi's prose writing after the middle of 90s several important topics.
In summary, this paper tries to answer the problem, including the following aspects: first, refined idealism as writing and life spirit of Zhang Chengzhi exactly which bears the reality and history, closely related to the literary joint, coexist in the idealistic internal "man of the people" and "wild hero" constitutes the relation to it what are the impacts on the writer's creation; second, if the offbeat writer Zhang Chengzhi is regarded as a highly controversial, so his presence, his literary writing and life experience to the contemporary literary world of what it means; thirdly, intellectuals and the people Zhang Chengzhi's pursuit of the way of combining the experience of how difficult and tortuous and he left the ideological resources for the current and future Chinese provides what enlightenment. Because the object is closely embedded China contemporary historical context and social reality, also Because of Zhang Chengzhi's emphasis on "civilization internal speech", criticism of cultural imperialism is shown by the third world position, this will not be involved in the western literature, more in the way of cultural theory, but changes into the social history, literary trend change, comprehensive information on all aspects, to read the text as the main way in Zhang Chengzhi's literary thought, and life practice, in order to the existing research results, re interpretation and analysis of Zhang Chengzhi of our time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I207.42

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