【摘要】：農(nóng)村金融市場中,農(nóng)民融資難、農(nóng)村貸款難、農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展難以得到有效的資金支持,是影響農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵障礙。上世紀(jì)七十年代興起的小額信貸以及在全球范圍內(nèi)的蓬勃發(fā)展,為克服農(nóng)村信貸市場的困境帶來了希望。到目前為止,小額信貸已經(jīng)為全球數(shù)以億計(jì)的貧困人群發(fā)放了信用貸款,影響了無數(shù)的農(nóng)村人群。但是,在有效擴(kuò)大農(nóng)村金融覆蓋面的同時(shí),小額信貸的利率問題越來越成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。目前,小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)基本上都是執(zhí)行的高利率政策,但外界對(duì)此的看法是不盡相同的。隨著小額信貸在我國農(nóng)村地區(qū)全面的展開,小額信貸的利率問題也成為我們不得不面對(duì)的議題。同國外一樣,我國的大部分小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)也是采取的高利率政策,但同樣也受到一定的指責(zé)。 隨著我國利率市場化改革的不斷向前推進(jìn),金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款利率的浮動(dòng)區(qū)間不斷放寬。繼2004年1月1日擴(kuò)大貸款利率浮動(dòng)區(qū)間之后,中國人民銀行從2004年10月29日起上調(diào)金融機(jī)構(gòu)存貸款基準(zhǔn)利率,并進(jìn)一步放寬人民幣貸款利率浮動(dòng)區(qū)間。對(duì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)(不含城鄉(xiāng)信用社)的貸款利率原則上不再設(shè)定上限,貸款利率下浮幅度不變,貸款利率下限仍為基準(zhǔn)利率的0.9倍。對(duì)金融競爭環(huán)境尚不完善的農(nóng)村信用社,貸款利率仍實(shí)行上限管理,最高上浮系數(shù)為貸款基準(zhǔn)利率的2.3倍,貸款利率下浮幅度不變。而小額貸款公司,最高上浮系數(shù)為貸款基準(zhǔn)利率的4倍。 本文針對(duì)國內(nèi)對(duì)小額信貸利率這個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問題,分析了高利率政策滿足了小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)新形勢下市場化發(fā)展的要求,并說明了高利率在支農(nóng)方面的合理性。本文借助相關(guān)農(nóng)村金融理論和國內(nèi)外相關(guān)高利率合理性的研究,論證了此觀點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:In the rural financial market, the difficulty of farmers' financing, the difficulty of rural loans and the difficulty of obtaining effective financial support for agricultural development are a key obstacle to the development of rural economy. The rise of microfinance in the 1970s and its global boom have brought hope for overcoming the plight of the rural credit market. So far, microcredit has extended credit to hundreds of millions of poor people around the world, affecting millions of rural people. However, while expanding the rural financial coverage effectively, the interest rate of micro-credit has become the focus of more and more attention. At present, microfinance institutions are basically implementing high interest rate policies, but the outside world is not the same view. With the development of microfinance in rural areas in China, the interest rate of microcredit has become an issue we have to face. As abroad, most of our microfinance institutions also adopt high interest rate policy, but are also criticized. With the reform of interest rate marketization, the floating range of interest rate of financial institutions has been relaxed. Following the expansion of the floating range of loan rates on January 1, 2004, the people's Bank of China has raised the benchmark interest rate for deposits and loans of financial institutions since October 29, 2004, and further relaxed the floating range of RMB lending rates. The lending rate of financial institutions (excluding urban and rural credit cooperatives) in principle no longer set the upper limit, loan interest rates fluctuate unchanged, the lower limit of the lending rate is still 0.9 times the benchmark interest rate. For the rural credit cooperatives whose financial competition environment is not perfect, the loan interest rate is still under the upper limit management, the maximum floating coefficient is 2.3 times of the benchmark loan interest rate, and the floating range of the loan interest rate is unchanged. And small loan company, highest float coefficient is 4 times of loan base interest rate. Aiming at the hot issue of microfinance interest rate in China, this paper analyzes that the policy of high interest rate meets the requirement of market-oriented development of microfinance institutions under the new situation, and explains the rationality of high interest rate in supporting agriculture. This paper proves this viewpoint with the help of the theories of rural finance and the rationality of high interest rate at home and abroad.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.43

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本文編號(hào)：2212339