【摘要】：公益信托是指單純以公共利益為信托目的而設(shè)立的信托。公益信托目的之排他性、受益人之不確定性是公益信托兩大突出特點。我國于2001年頒布《信托法》，并設(shè)立專章（第六章，共十五個條文）規(guī)定了公益信托制度。然而之后的幾年中，我國并未出現(xiàn)公益信托案例，，該章規(guī)定非常遺憾地被束之高閣。直至2008年我國四川汶川地區(qū)發(fā)生里氏8級地震，地震災(zāi)區(qū)損失慘重，為支持災(zāi)區(qū)重建工作，中國銀監(jiān)會下發(fā)了《關(guān)于鼓勵信托公司開展公益信托業(yè)務(wù)支持災(zāi)后重建工作的通知》。在此契機下，才出現(xiàn)了學(xué)界所認可的第一例成功公益信托——“5·12抗震救災(zāi)公益信托”。隨后又出現(xiàn)了幾例以災(zāi)區(qū)教育、扶殘為信托目的的公益信托，如“鄭州慈善公益信托計劃”、“金色盾牌重慶人民警察英烈救助基金公益信托”等。然我國公益信托的發(fā)展在之后的時間里仍處于停滯狀態(tài)，直至2011年，才又出現(xiàn)個別的案例，且規(guī)模較小。因此，研究我國公益信托制度，對公益信托發(fā)展緩慢的原因進行探查研究以促進其成熟發(fā)展，顯得十分有必要。 在信托關(guān)系中，受托人對信托目的的實現(xiàn)起到關(guān)鍵作用，公益信托亦然。與商業(yè)信托不同，公益信托還具有受益人不特定性的特點，一定程度上制約了受益人各項權(quán)利之行使，因此，公益信托受托人制度的構(gòu)建與完善顯得更加重要。本文擬在研究我國公益信托現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，對我國受托人制度進行評析，并借鑒國外經(jīng)驗提出完善建議。 本文正文部分由四個章節(jié)組成： 第一章主要討論了公益信托之起源及內(nèi)涵，在討論了公益信托本身所具有的公益性和受益人不特定性等特點后，將公益信托與基金會進行比較，指出公益信托與基金會的四點區(qū)別，如組織形式上，公益信托不受法人組織機構(gòu)限制，運行成本更低；在設(shè)立方面，公益信托設(shè)立資金門檻更低；在運行監(jiān)督上，公益信托受托人受信托義務(wù)（fiduciary duties）的約束，遵照信托協(xié)議管理信托財產(chǎn)，同時接受公益事業(yè)主管機關(guān)、信托監(jiān)察人、委托人及受益人的監(jiān)督等。第二章分別從實務(wù)與立法兩個方面對我國目前公益信托之發(fā)展進行總結(jié)與評析，并對目前為止我國實務(wù)領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)的公益信托案例進行了統(tǒng)計，提出了我國公益信托在實務(wù)中存在純公益信托實踐案例較少、受托人單一、公益信托大多由信托公司發(fā)起等特點。就此，筆者分析了目前我國法律對公益信托受托人的相關(guān)規(guī)定，發(fā)現(xiàn)造成我國公益信托實踐現(xiàn)狀的主要原因是，目前《信托法》中對公益信托登記、受托人準入及受托人監(jiān)管方面等規(guī)定缺乏實踐可操作性。第三章以問題為導(dǎo)向，介紹了英美國家、日本以及我國臺灣地區(qū)在受托人準入、受托人登記以及受托人監(jiān)管等方面相關(guān)制度與經(jīng)驗。第四章就目前我國公益信托受托人制度中存在的受托人單一、現(xiàn)有規(guī)定缺乏實踐可操作性等不足，提出應(yīng)當在《信托法》中規(guī)定公益信托受托人資格的限制性條件，同時在主體方面放寬我國受托人資格，形成以法人為主，其他各種組織形式共同參與的模式；并建議將公益信托設(shè)立許可制改為設(shè)立準則制，同時設(shè)立與準則制配套的統(tǒng)一登記機構(gòu)和監(jiān)督機構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:A public interest trust refers to a trust established solely for the purpose of a public interest. The exclusiveness of the purpose of the public welfare trust, the uncertainty of the beneficiary is the two outstanding characteristics of the public welfare trust. Our country enacted the Trust Law in 2001 and set up a special chapter (Chapter VI,15 articles) to set out the public welfare trust system. In the next few years, however, there is no public interest trust case in our country, which stipulates that it is very sorry to be in the high court. To support the reconstruction of the disaster area, the CBRC issued the Notice of encouraging trust companies to carry out public welfare trust business to support post-disaster reconstruction work. In this case, the first successful public welfare trust _ "5 路 12 Trust for Earthquake Relief and Disaster Relief" recognized by the academic circle has emerged. Several public welfare trusts, such as "Zhengzhou Charity Trust Scheme", "Golden Shield, Chongqing People's Police, Yinglie Relief Fund, Public Welfare Trust", and the like, have also appeared in the disaster area education and the disabled as the purpose of the trust. However, the development of the public welfare trust in China is still at a standstill in the following time, until 2011, only individual cases appear, and the scale is small. Therefore, it is necessary to study the cause of the slow development of the public welfare trust in order to promote the mature development of the public welfare trust system in China. In the trust relationship, the trustee plays a key role in the realization of the trust purpose, and the public welfare trust also However, unlike the commercial trust, the public welfare trust has the characteristics of the non-specific nature of the beneficiary, and the exercise of the rights of the beneficiary is restricted to some extent. Therefore, the construction and the improvement of the trust trustee system of the public interest are more serious In this paper, on the basis of studying the current situation of China's public welfare trust, this paper analyzes the system of the trustee of our country, and puts forward the perfect construction with reference to the foreign experience. The text of this paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the origin and connotation of the public welfare trust. After discussing the characteristics of the public welfare and the non-specific property of the public welfare trust, the public welfare trust and the fund are discussed. The comparison is made to point out that the four-point difference between the public welfare trust and the foundation, such as the organization form, the public interest trust is not limited by the organization of the legal person, and the operation cost is lower; in the establishment of the public welfare trust, the fund threshold for the establishment of the public welfare trust is lower; and On the operation supervision, the trustee of the public welfare trust shall be bound by the trust duties, and the trust property shall be managed in accordance with the trust agreement, and the competent authority of the public welfare undertakings, the trust supervisor, the client and the beneficiary shall be accepted at the same time. In the second chapter, the author summarizes and analyzes the development of the present public welfare trust from the two aspects of the practice and the legislation, and makes statistics on the public welfare trust cases in the practice field so far, and puts forward the pure public welfare trust in the practice of our country's public welfare trust. The case is less, the trustee is single, and the public welfare trust is mostly used by the trust company In this respect, the author analyses the relevant regulations of the current law on the trust of the public welfare trust, and finds out that the main reason for the present situation of the practice of the public welfare trust in China is that there is a lack of real public trust registration, the access of the trustee and the supervision of the trustee. The third chapter is based on the problem-oriented, and introduces the relevant aspects such as the admission of the trustee, the registration of the trustee and the supervision of the trustee in the United States, Japan and Taiwan. In the fourth chapter, the author puts forward the restrictive condition of the existence of the trustee in the trustee system of the public welfare trust in our country, and the restriction condition of the qualification of the public welfare trust trustee should be set out in the "Trust Law", and the main body will be relaxed. The trustee is qualified to form a mode of co-participation in the form of legal persons and other forms of organization; and it is proposed that the establishment of the public welfare trust establishment permit system be changed to the establishment of the standard system, and the unified registration mechanism matched with the standard system shall be established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.282

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本文編號：2479111