大股東控制對(duì)上市公司真實(shí)盈余管理的影響研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 大股東控制 真實(shí)盈余管理 應(yīng)計(jì)盈余管理 出處:《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:盈余管理實(shí)質(zhì)是上市公司代理沖突的集中表現(xiàn)形式。在我國(guó)大股東控制仍然是公司治理的重要特征,因此上市公司的盈余管理決策實(shí)際上也受制于大股東。上市公司盈余指標(biāo)與IPO、配股增發(fā)、特別處理等事項(xiàng)休戚相關(guān),甚至?xí)l(fā)強(qiáng)烈的市場(chǎng)反應(yīng)。由于目前我國(guó)IPO尚未正式重啟,上市公司作為一種資源彌足珍貴,因此上市公司往往有強(qiáng)烈的意愿對(duì)盈余指標(biāo)實(shí)施操縱。Roychowdury(2006)認(rèn)為,除應(yīng)計(jì)盈余操縱外,真實(shí)盈余管理在公司盈余操縱決策中也占據(jù)了一席之地,通過(guò)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)質(zhì)進(jìn)行操控,以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)報(bào)告盈余有目的性的調(diào)整。隨著規(guī)章制度的完善與利益相關(guān)者辨別能力的提高,受會(huì)計(jì)彈性的約束應(yīng)計(jì)盈余管理空間不斷縮減,上市公司會(huì)逐步轉(zhuǎn)向真實(shí)盈余管理。真實(shí)盈余管理作為新興熱點(diǎn),其實(shí)施手段多樣化,且對(duì)上市公司的影響相較之應(yīng)計(jì)盈余操縱更加復(fù)雜。在此基礎(chǔ)上,研究大股東控制對(duì)真實(shí)盈余管理的影響不僅具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,還彌補(bǔ)了相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的不足,為大股東控制行為的進(jìn)一步研究開辟新的視角,使大股東控制下盈余管理研究體系更加完整、充盈。 本文不僅對(duì)大股東控制下真實(shí)盈余管理程度以及具體實(shí)現(xiàn)方式進(jìn)行研究,還考慮了大股東控制對(duì)盈余管理策略空間配置的影響,即大股東控制對(duì)盈余管理隱性化程度的影響,全面深入地對(duì)大股東控制下真實(shí)盈余管理行為進(jìn)行研究。本文在對(duì)研究背景、相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行充分分析后,從信息不對(duì)稱理論、委托代理理論與契約理論分析大股東與小股東之間的博弈行為以及大股東控制下真實(shí)盈余管理的動(dòng)機(jī),在此基礎(chǔ)上提出假設(shè)。并借鑒大股東控制與真實(shí)盈余管理相關(guān)研究成果,進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究設(shè)計(jì)與OLS回歸分析。最后根據(jù)研究結(jié)論提出政策建議,在反思本文不足之處的同時(shí)展望未來(lái)研究的方向。 本文借助CSMAR數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),以2003年至2012年2076家上市公司總計(jì)11135個(gè)樣本數(shù)據(jù)為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)大股東控制下真實(shí)盈余管理行為進(jìn)行研究,得出下列結(jié)論: 1.大股東控制會(huì)加劇上市公司真實(shí)盈余管理程度。理性經(jīng)濟(jì)人逐利動(dòng)機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)下,大股東控制力越強(qiáng),越傾向于實(shí)施盈余管理行為對(duì)報(bào)告盈余進(jìn)行操縱。隨著盈余問(wèn)題研究的不斷深入,上市公司除了采用應(yīng)計(jì)盈余操縱方式,還廣泛采用真實(shí)盈余管理以操縱盈余。真實(shí)盈余管理主要采取控制銷售業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)程,控制生產(chǎn)以及可操控性費(fèi)用等方式對(duì)公司真實(shí)經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)施以控制,不僅影響了當(dāng)期盈余的真實(shí)性,也對(duì)當(dāng)期現(xiàn)金流量產(chǎn)生影響,因此真實(shí)盈余管理具有更強(qiáng)的隱蔽性與危害性。大股東出于自利性考慮,傾向于隱藏和鞏固控制權(quán)收益。因此隨著大股東控制力的增強(qiáng),上市公司會(huì)更傾向于選擇實(shí)施風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更小、隱蔽性更強(qiáng)的真實(shí)盈余管理以便于最大化攫取控制權(quán)收益。此外可操控性費(fèi)用包括管理費(fèi)用、銷售費(fèi)用等期間費(fèi)用,容易引發(fā)外部審計(jì)人員以及利益相關(guān)者的關(guān)注,進(jìn)而操縱可操控性費(fèi)用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高。因此相比對(duì)可操控性費(fèi)用進(jìn)行操控,大股東控制下的上市公司更傾向于采取更隱蔽的對(duì)銷售和生產(chǎn)進(jìn)行操控的真實(shí)盈余管理方式。而隨著股改的基本完成以及金融市場(chǎng)的不斷發(fā)展,大股東的利益愈發(fā)緊密地和市場(chǎng)價(jià)值聯(lián)系在一起。因此大股東控制下上市公司更傾向于實(shí)施向上的真實(shí)盈余管理,向市場(chǎng)傳遞經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況與發(fā)展前景良好的信息。 2.大股東控制會(huì)對(duì)盈余管理策略空間的配置產(chǎn)生影響。大股東控制會(huì)加劇上市公司機(jī)會(huì)主義行為,大股東控制力越強(qiáng),上市公司盈余管理隱性化程度越高。真實(shí)盈余管理行為使公司正常經(jīng)營(yíng)目標(biāo)發(fā)生偏移,是大股東侵占小股東利益的重要方式。Zang(2011)發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)計(jì)和真實(shí)盈余管理之間存在權(quán)衡關(guān)系,并且在后者程度之上對(duì)應(yīng)計(jì)盈余操縱程度進(jìn)行調(diào)整。借鑒倉(cāng)勇濤等(2011)的研究對(duì)盈余管理空間進(jìn)行劃分,其中應(yīng)計(jì)盈余管理空間為易識(shí)別的行為空間,真實(shí)盈余管理空間為不易識(shí)別的行為空間,二者之和為盈余管理總空間。在大股東控制下,實(shí)施應(yīng)計(jì)盈余操縱屬于易識(shí)別的行為空間;而實(shí)施真實(shí)盈余管理屬于不易識(shí)別的行為空間。隨著規(guī)章制度的完善與利益相關(guān)者辨別能力的提高,受會(huì)計(jì)彈性的約束應(yīng)計(jì)盈余管理空間不斷縮減。再者考慮到應(yīng)計(jì)與真實(shí)盈余管理存在權(quán)衡關(guān)系,處于控制地位的大股東會(huì)對(duì)實(shí)施盈余操縱行為的成本與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行衡量,因此盈余管理策略空間配置會(huì)發(fā)生改變,即相對(duì)易識(shí)別的應(yīng)計(jì)盈余管理行為空間,盈余管理策略更多地向不易識(shí)別的真實(shí)盈余管理行為空間進(jìn)行分配。綜上,大股東控制下的上市公司中真實(shí)與應(yīng)計(jì)盈余操縱不僅同時(shí)存在,彼此間還存在權(quán)衡關(guān)系,且大股東控制會(huì)使盈余管理隱性化程度顯著提高。 本文主要包括六個(gè)部分,六大部分結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、條理分明,而又聯(lián)系緊密,為實(shí)現(xiàn)研究目的提供了強(qiáng)大助力。 第一部分:導(dǎo)論。該部分概括性地介紹了相關(guān)背景,由此引出研究問(wèn)題,并揭示其價(jià)值與意義。此外還包括了研究框架、實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑以及本文擬實(shí)現(xiàn)的學(xué)術(shù)貢獻(xiàn)等內(nèi)容,從思路上逐漸深入,便于下一步展開研究。 第二部分:文獻(xiàn)綜述。本文首先對(duì)大股東的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展進(jìn)行回顧,其次就大股東對(duì)上市公司影響進(jìn)行評(píng)述,隨后對(duì)真實(shí)盈余管理進(jìn)行綜述,最后結(jié)合研究目的,就大股東控制對(duì)盈余管理的影響相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)述。通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行綜述,不僅對(duì)大股東控制下盈余管理行為有了全面的了解,也為進(jìn)一步理論分析與提出假設(shè)打下了基礎(chǔ)。 第三部分:理論分析與研究假設(shè)。本文以代理理論、信號(hào)不對(duì)稱理論以及契約理論作為基礎(chǔ)理論,結(jié)合大股東控制對(duì)盈余管理的影響相關(guān)研究結(jié)論提出研究假設(shè)。即假設(shè)大股東出于自利性目的會(huì)加劇真實(shí)盈余操縱程度,即隨著大股東控制力增加,對(duì)上市公司施加了更多的影響,使上市公司選擇更多的真實(shí)盈余管理。由于真實(shí)與應(yīng)計(jì)盈余管理存在權(quán)衡關(guān)系,二者實(shí)施風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與成本存在差異,進(jìn)而大股東控制下上市公司盈余操縱策略空間配置會(huì)發(fā)生改變,故本文進(jìn)一步提出假設(shè)大股東控制力與盈余管理隱性化程度正相關(guān)。 第四部分:研究設(shè)計(jì)。本文通過(guò)CSMAR數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)搜集了2003年至2012年2076家A股上市公司共計(jì)11135個(gè)樣本數(shù)據(jù),并根據(jù)相關(guān)學(xué)者的研究選擇被解釋變量,解釋變量以及控制變量,并對(duì)重要變量的計(jì)量做詳盡說(shuō)明。最后根據(jù)研究目的與研究假設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)了多元回歸模型。并且該模型在多元回歸前進(jìn)行了一系列檢驗(yàn),能夠全面有效地衡量大股東控制對(duì)真實(shí)盈余管理的影響,為進(jìn)一步研究分析提供了保障。 第五部分:實(shí)證分析。該部分通過(guò)描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析了上市公司大股東控制現(xiàn)狀以及真實(shí)盈余管理實(shí)施情況。相關(guān)性分析對(duì)模型有效性進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),為研究目的的實(shí)現(xiàn)提供保障。單變量分析驗(yàn)證了真實(shí)盈余管理行為的存在性,并從數(shù)據(jù)層面為模型有效性提供保障。實(shí)證回歸結(jié)果分析對(duì)研究假設(shè)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,大股東控制會(huì)對(duì)盈余管理策略選擇產(chǎn)生影響,即隨著大股東控制力增加,上市公司真實(shí)盈余管理程度也會(huì)增加。并且大股東控制會(huì)加劇上市公司盈余管理策略空間的轉(zhuǎn)變,使盈余管理隱性化程度顯著提高。 第六部分:研究結(jié)論、政策建議與研究展望。這一部分根據(jù)前文理論分析,研究假設(shè)以及實(shí)證結(jié)果,對(duì)研究結(jié)論進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步闡釋和總結(jié)。并根據(jù)研究結(jié)論提出相應(yīng)的政策建議,最后對(duì)本文的不足之處、貢獻(xiàn)以及未來(lái)研究方向加以說(shuō)明。 本文的局限:1.真實(shí)盈余管理計(jì)量存在局限,由于客觀因素的影響本文以管理費(fèi)用與銷售費(fèi)用作為可操縱性費(fèi)用的近似替代,可能導(dǎo)致研究存在瑕疵。2.盈余管理隱性化程度計(jì)量存在局限。本文借鑒相關(guān)研究引入盈余管理隱性化程度變量進(jìn)行研究,而真實(shí)盈余管理與應(yīng)計(jì)盈余管理在計(jì)量上可能存在交叉影響,相關(guān)研究不足,因此該變量的計(jì)量亦存在一定局限性。 本文的貢獻(xiàn):1.本文將大股東控制下盈余管理行為研究拓展到真實(shí)盈余管理范疇,彌補(bǔ)了相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的不足,使該研究體系更加完整,為后續(xù)研究提供理論支持。2.本文借鑒相關(guān)研究,引入盈余管理隱性化程度變量,同時(shí)針對(duì)大股東控制力引入Shapley權(quán)力指數(shù)進(jìn)行量化,以此從應(yīng)計(jì)與真實(shí)盈余管理的可辨識(shí)度、實(shí)施風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及二者間權(quán)衡關(guān)系角度,衡量了大股東控制對(duì)上市公司盈余管理策略空間轉(zhuǎn)變的影響。3.本文針對(duì)研究結(jié)論,從加強(qiáng)對(duì)上市公司真實(shí)盈余管理行為監(jiān)控、進(jìn)一步完善對(duì)大股東控制行為的監(jiān)管以及加強(qiáng)中小股東利益保護(hù)三個(gè)層面提出政策建議,具有一定借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Earnings management essence is the centralized form of agency conflict of listed companies . In our country , large shareholder control is still an important feature of corporate governance . As a result , the earnings management decision of listed companies is also subject to strong market reactions . As a result of the improvement of the rules and regulations and the improvement of stakeholders ' recognition ability , the listed companies tend to turn to real earnings management . As a result of the improvement of the rules and regulations , the listed companies tend to move towards real earnings management . As a result , the research on real earnings management is not only of practical significance , but also makes up for the deficiency of relevant literatures , and opens up a new perspective for further research on the control behavior of large shareholders . This paper studies the real earnings management degree under the control of big shareholders , and considers the influence of the big shareholder control on the surplus management strategy space configuration , that is , the influence of the big shareholder ' s control on the hidden degree of earnings management and the motivation of the real earnings management under the control of the big shareholder . Based on the CSMAR database , a total of 11135 sample data of 2076 listed companies from 2003 to 2012 are studied , and the real earnings management behavior under the control of large shareholders is studied , and the following conclusions are drawn : The bigger shareholder control will increase the degree of real earnings management of listed companies . The stronger the control force of the large shareholder , the stronger the control ability of the large shareholder , and the real earnings management to control the earnings of the company . As a result , the listed company tends to choose the real surplus management mode which controls the sales and production . 2 . The big shareholder control will influence the allocation of surplus management strategy space . The bigger shareholder control will aggravate the opportunism behavior of listed company , the stronger the control force of the big shareholder , the higher the surplus management space of the listed company . This paper mainly consists of six parts , six of which are clear and clear , and are in close contact with each other , so as to provide powerful assistance for the realization of the research purpose . Part one : Introduction . This part introduces the relevant background in a general way , and reveals its value and significance . It also includes the research framework , the realization way and the academic contribution to be realized in this paper . In the second part , this paper reviews the production and development of large shareholders , reviews the influence of big shareholders on listed companies , and reviews the influence of large shareholder control on earnings management . The third part : Theoretical analysis and research hypothesis . Based on the theory of agency theory , signal asymmetry theory and contract theory , this paper puts forward the research assumption that big shareholders can aggravate the real surplus manipulation degree , that is , with the increase of the control power of the big shareholder , it makes the listed company choose more real earnings management . Because of the trade - off between the real and the accrual surplus management , the space allocation of the surplus manipulation strategy of the listed company under the control of the big shareholder changes , so it is further proposed that the control force of the big shareholder is positively correlated with the degree of the surplus management . In the fourth part , we collected 1,135 sample data of A - share listed companies from 2003 to 2076 through CSMAR database , and explained the variables , explanatory variables and control variables according to the research choice of relevant scholars . Finally , a series of tests were carried out according to the research purpose and study hypothesis . Finally , a series of tests were carried out before multiple regression , so as to comprehensively and effectively measure the influence of big shareholder control on real earnings management , and provide guarantee for further research and analysis . Part V : Empirical analysis . This part analyzes the status quo of large shareholder control in listed companies and the implementation of real earnings management by descriptive statistics . The correlation analysis verifies the existence of the real earnings management behavior and provides assurance for the validity of the model from the data level . Part VI : Research conclusions , policy recommendations and research prospects . This part will further illustrate and summarize the conclusions of the study , based on the theoretical analysis , research assumptions and empirical results of the previous studies . Finally , according to the conclusions of the study , the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward . Finally , the shortcomings , contributions and future research directions of this paper will be explained . The limitation of this paper : 1 . Due to the limitation of the actual surplus management measurement , this paper can lead to the defects of the study due to the objective factors . This paper studies the hidden degree of surplus management based on the relative research , and the real surplus management and the accrual surplus management can have a cross influence on the measurement , and the relative research is insufficient , so the measurement of the variable has some limitations . This paper discusses the influence of large shareholder control on the space transformation of earnings management strategies of listed companies by expanding the study of surplus management behavior under the control of large shareholders to the category of real earnings management .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:F832.51;F271;F275
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