本文關(guān)鍵詞： 小額信貸 小額貸款公司 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)研究 法律規(guī)制　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)小額貸款公司誕生于民間借貸活躍、地下錢(qián)莊盛行、中小企業(yè)融資難和金融管制嚴(yán)格的金融環(huán)境下,作為金融服務(wù)的一種創(chuàng)新,小額貸款公司在幾年時(shí)間內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展壯大,對(duì)支持”三農(nóng)”、中小企業(yè)、個(gè)體工商戶的資金需求起到了積極的作用,并得到了充分的認(rèn)可。同時(shí)小額貸款公司積極正確引導(dǎo)規(guī)范民間融資,完善地方金融服務(wù),推動(dòng)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,彌補(bǔ)金融市場(chǎng)不足,成為解決貸款難的必由途徑,為豐富金融服務(wù)體系承擔(dān)著重要職責(zé)。小額貸款公司在急速發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,所遇到的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于一般的金融機(jī)構(gòu),并且已經(jīng)給公司的正常運(yùn)行和可持續(xù)性經(jīng)營(yíng)帶來(lái)了極大的困難,其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范法律機(jī)制亟需完善。 本文主要分為四個(gè)部分。第一部分主要是小額信貸理論的概述,由于國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)于小額信貸研究的理論比較成熟,在先介紹小額信貸理論的基礎(chǔ)上,可以對(duì)小額貸款公司的研究提供了研究方向的指引和借鑒之處。 第二部分主要是對(duì)小額貸款公司的理論分析,包括小額貸款公司的性質(zhì)分析、特征分析,及其存設(shè)的社會(huì)價(jià)值分析。通過(guò)小額貸款公司起到的社會(huì)作用和提供的金融服務(wù),更好的把握小額貸款公司金融機(jī)構(gòu)的實(shí)質(zhì)；通過(guò)對(duì)小貸公司特征的分析以凸顯小貸公司解決民間融資難題幫助微型企業(yè)發(fā)展、引導(dǎo)民間資本正規(guī)化轉(zhuǎn)移并完善金融體系、促進(jìn)金融市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)完善金融服務(wù)的社會(huì)價(jià)值。 第三部分分析了小額貸款公司面臨的具體風(fēng)險(xiǎn)成因及表現(xiàn)形式：市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的緣由主要包括小額貸款公司的利率形成機(jī)制不合理帶來(lái)的利率風(fēng)險(xiǎn),和不完善的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避機(jī)制帶來(lái)的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的緣由是小貸公司面臨的農(nóng)村市場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)力水平低下,缺乏信用制度的建設(shè)；流動(dòng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的緣由在于其“只貸不存”的有限融資渠道；操作性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的緣由則是因?yàn)樾≠J公司缺乏相應(yīng)的內(nèi)部管理與控制制度,以及相應(yīng)的人力資本。 第四部分針對(duì)小額貸款公司的具體風(fēng)險(xiǎn),提出了相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制法律規(guī)制建議,嘗試性構(gòu)建我國(guó)小額貸款公司風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制法律規(guī)制的有機(jī)法律體系,進(jìn)而保障小額貸款公司的健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:China's microfinance companies were born in private lending, underground money banks prevail, small and medium-sized enterprises are difficult to finance and financial control under the financial environment, as an innovation of financial services. Microfinance companies in a few years of rapid development and growth, to support the "three rural", small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households of the capital demand has played a positive role. At the same time, microfinance companies actively and correctly guide the regulation of private financing, improve local financial services, promote local economic development, and make up for the lack of financial markets. In order to enrich the financial service system, microfinance companies are facing more risks than ordinary financial institutions in the process of rapid development. And it has brought great difficulties to the normal operation and sustainable management of the company, and its legal mechanism of risk prevention needs to be improved. This paper is mainly divided into four parts. The first part is the overview of microfinance theory, because the domestic theory of microfinance research is relatively mature, on the basis of introducing microfinance theory. It can provide guidance and reference for the research of microfinance companies. The second part is mainly about the theoretical analysis of micro-loan companies, including the nature of micro-credit companies, the characteristics of analysis. Through the social role and financial services provided by microfinance companies, we can better grasp the essence of microfinance companies' financial institutions; Through the analysis of the characteristics of small loan companies to highlight the small loan companies to solve the problem of private financing to help micro-enterprises to develop guide the regularization of private capital transfer and improve the financial system. Promote competition in financial markets and improve the social value of financial services. The third part analyzes the causes and manifestations of the specific risks faced by microfinance companies: market risks mainly include the interest rate risk caused by unreasonable interest rate formation mechanism of microfinance companies. And imperfect agricultural product price risk avoidance mechanism brought about by agricultural product price risk; The reason of credit risk is the low productivity level of rural market and the lack of credit system construction. The reason of liquidity risk lies in its limited financing channel of "only lending and not saving"; The operational risk is caused by the lack of corresponding internal management and control system and human capital. According to the specific risks of microfinance companies, the 4th part puts forward the corresponding risk control legal regulation suggestions, and tries to build an organic legal system of risk control legal regulation for microfinance companies in China. And then ensure the healthy and stable development of small loan companies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D922.28;F832.4

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