本文關(guān)鍵詞：小額貸款公司的發(fā)展問題與對(duì)策研究　出處：《廣西大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 小額貸款 發(fā)展問題 風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 解決對(duì)策

【摘要】：小額貸款作為一種新興的金融方式,它一改主要依靠國家財(cái)政或是外來資金扶持的局面,為經(jīng)濟(jì)貧困者如農(nóng)戶、中小企業(yè)等群體提供了資金支持,幫助他們解決了資金短缺的問題。小額貸款對(duì)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展起著助力軍的重要作用,逐漸得到了我們國家的重視,是我國在經(jīng)濟(jì)改革發(fā)展中目前積極倡導(dǎo)和推行的。 雖然起步較晚,但小額貸款業(yè)的發(fā)展是迅猛的。截止2011年12月末,我國的小額貸款公司就發(fā)展至4282家,貸款余額3915億元。并且,新增貸款全年累計(jì)1935億元,取得了比較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。這樣的數(shù)據(jù)足以表明我國的小額貸款公司的建設(shè)已經(jīng)突破成立初期的限制,正在如火如荼地進(jìn)行著。 本文首先闡述了小額貸款的相關(guān)理論：金融抑制論和金融深化論、金融約束論、信息不對(duì)稱理論、交易費(fèi)用理論、不完全競爭理論、信貸配給理論、農(nóng)村金融市場理論、可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論,通過對(duì)發(fā)展歷程及現(xiàn)狀的分析,總結(jié)出了我國小額貸款在發(fā)展過程中所遇到的問題。這些問題分別是監(jiān)管層面的問題：1、法律地位不明確,外部監(jiān)管不力；2、小額貸款公司的服務(wù)對(duì)象定位不明確。運(yùn)營層面的問題：1、資金籌集面臨難題；2、從業(yè)人員素質(zhì)低,缺乏專業(yè)培訓(xùn)；3、自身控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力不強(qiáng),管理存在缺陷；4、貸款客戶主觀方面存在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。宏觀環(huán)境層面的問題：1、個(gè)人征信系統(tǒng)不健全；2、保障機(jī)制有待完善。 針對(duì)上述提出的問題,本文提出了幾點(diǎn)相應(yīng)的對(duì)策。首先,加強(qiáng)外部監(jiān)管。明確我國小額貸款公司的法律地位,加大監(jiān)管力度,加快完善對(duì)小額貸款公司的立法。其次,解決運(yùn)營過程所出現(xiàn)的問題。拓寬小額貸款機(jī)構(gòu)的融資渠道,建立培訓(xùn)機(jī)制,加快人才資源的開發(fā),建立客戶信用評(píng)級(jí)體系,完善小額客戶聯(lián)保制度,采取有效的獎(jiǎng)懲機(jī)制。然后,改善小額貸款公司生存和發(fā)展的宏觀環(huán)境。依靠政府建立個(gè)人征信系統(tǒng),政策的適度放開和扶持,加快成立小額貸款公司行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì),建立保障機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Microfinance as a new financial way, it mainly depends on the state finance or foreign funds to support the situation, for the economic poor such as farmers, small and medium-sized enterprises and other groups to provide financial support. To help them solve the problem of shortage of funds. Microfinance plays an important role in the economic development of our country and gradually gets the attention of our country. Is our country in the economic reform and development of the current active advocacy and implementation. Although the start is relatively late, but the development of the microfinance industry is rapid. Until the end of 2011, the number of microfinance companies in China has grown to 4282, with a balance of 391.5 billion yuan. And. The new loans accumulated 193.5 billion yuan in the whole year, which has achieved better economic and social benefits. This kind of data shows that the construction of micro-credit companies in China has broken through the limitations of the initial period. It was in full swing. Firstly, this paper expounds the related theories of microfinance: financial suppression theory and financial deepening theory, financial constraint theory, information asymmetry theory, transaction cost theory, incomplete competition theory, credit rationing theory. The theory of rural financial market, the theory of sustainable development, through the analysis of the development process and current situation. This paper summarizes the problems encountered in the development of microfinance in China. These problems are the problem of supervision level: 1, the legal status is not clear, and the external supervision is weak; 2.The target position of microfinance company is not clear. At the operational level, the problem of raising funds is difficult. (2) the quality of the employees is low and the professional training is lacking; (3) the ability of controlling risk is not strong, and the management has defects; (4) the risk of the loan customer's subjective aspect. The macro environmental level question: 1, the personal credit system is not perfect; 2. The safeguard mechanism needs to be improved. In view of the above questions, this paper puts forward several corresponding countermeasures. First, strengthen the external supervision, clarify the legal status of China's microfinance companies, and strengthen the supervision. Second, solve the problems arising in the operation process, broaden the financing channels of microfinance institutions, establish training mechanisms, and accelerate the development of human resources. Establish a customer credit rating system, improve the small customer protection system, take an effective reward and punishment mechanism. Then, improve the macro environment for the survival and development of microfinance companies. Rely on the government to establish a personal credit system. Appropriate policy liberalization and support, accelerate the establishment of micro-credit companies industry associations, the establishment of security mechanisms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4

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