本文關(guān)鍵詞：集裝箱空箱庫存不平衡問題研究

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【摘要】：受出口商對集裝箱經(jīng)常性需求與承運人供給能力的不平衡影響,集裝箱庫存不平衡的現(xiàn)象普遍存在于集裝箱運輸行業(yè)。集裝箱空箱互換能有效減少集裝箱庫存不平衡的現(xiàn)象。而現(xiàn)實情況是：雖然大多數(shù)航運聯(lián)盟都簽訂了空箱互換的協(xié)議(亦即承認(rèn)空箱互換的有效性),在實際作業(yè)過程中卻并未如此實施。本文旨在分析這一現(xiàn)象及其出現(xiàn)原因,并提出集裝箱虛擬交換平臺(Virtual Container Pool)的概念,以解決集裝箱庫存不平衡的問題。本文首先提出“6R”模型,以準(zhǔn)確識別用于滿足需求的集裝箱供給,即在正確的時間和地點提供正確的類型、尺寸、數(shù)量以及質(zhì)量的集裝箱。而通過對承運人目前所實行的集裝箱庫存管理(Container Inventory management, CIM)策略并未獲得滿意的效果。基于此,本文進一步提出“3F”模型,具體包括：運費：需求預(yù)測及承運人服務(wù)的靈活性。將該模型應(yīng)用于斯里蘭卡的集裝箱運輸行業(yè),取得了較好的效果。此外,本文提出集裝箱空箱庫存管理的多維評價指數(shù)模型,用于衡量承運人及整個行業(yè)的集裝箱庫存管理競爭力水平。該模型有助于出口商在選擇運輸服務(wù)前對承運人的集裝箱庫存管理能力進行評估,并可對承運人的集裝箱庫存管理能力進行排名。結(jié)合所構(gòu)建的多維評價指數(shù)模型在斯里蘭卡的應(yīng)用,本文指出該國的集裝箱庫存管理整個行業(yè)的競爭力較低,有待進一步提高。對斯里蘭卡集裝箱航運業(yè)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),所提出的虛擬集裝箱交換平臺概念尚未付諸實踐,仍處于理論層面。盡管聯(lián)盟協(xié)議里有集裝箱互換的條件,承運人仍然不愿就此進行合作。分析這一現(xiàn)象的原因在于,承運人擔(dān)心此舉可能給競爭者帶來優(yōu)勢。本文進一步結(jié)合所提出的集裝箱虛擬交換平臺,構(gòu)建了以最小化運營成本為目標(biāo)函數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并運用實際數(shù)據(jù)進行計算,以定量衡量集裝箱互換對航運成本的影響。最后,對斯里蘭卡進行的案例分析的仿真結(jié)果表明,虛擬集裝箱交換平臺每年可為航運公司削減空箱調(diào)運成本19%。進一步驗證了本文所提出交換平臺概念的有效性。
【關(guān)鍵詞】：集裝箱空箱庫存不平衡 虛擬集裝箱交換平臺(Virtual container pool VCP) 6R模型 3F模型 集裝箱庫存管理(Container inventory management CIM)評價
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F551
【目錄】：

• 創(chuàng)新點摘要5-6
• 摘要6-7
• ABSTRACT7-17
• CHAPTER ONE Introduction and Problem Statement17-28
• 1.1 Background of the Study17-23
• 1.1.1 International Trade and Containerization17
• 1.1.2 Containers17-19
• 1.1.3 Empty Containers19-21
• 1.1.4 Sharing Ship Space21-22
• 1.1.5 Interchange Containers between Carriers22-23
• 1.1.6 Various Forms of Strategic Alliances23
• 1.2 Research Problem Identification23-28
• 1.2.1 Symptoms of the Problem24
• 1.2.2 Significance of the Problem24-26
• 1.2.3 Objectives of the Study26-27
• 1.2.4 Chapter Outline27-28
• CHAPTER TWO Literature Review28-66
• 2.1 Background28-29
• 2.1.1 The Empty Container Problem28-29
• 2.2 Diachronic perspectives of the imbalance problem29-37
• 2.2.1 Global Container Movement29-34
• 2.2.2 Main sources of container inventory34-36
• 2.2.3 The Trade and Weight Imbalance36-37
• 2.3 Organizational Behaviour of Container Shipping Companies37-40
• 2.4 Synchronic view to the Container Inventory imbalance problem40-45
• 2.4.1 A snapshot of global container inventory imbalance40-41
• 2.4.2 Empty container repositioning41-45
• 2.5 Exploring solutions to minimize container management issues45-47
• 2.5.1 Mitigating the problem of empty container repositioning46-47
• 2.6 Collaboration among Container Shipping Companies47-53
• 2.6.1 Pooling Resources in Consortiums52-53
• 2.7 The Paradox in Container Inventory management by Carriers53-54
• 2.8 Theoretical approach to container imbalance54-66
• 2.8.1 Key points of study done by YUR & Esmer55-58
• 2.8.2 Summary of other studies on Empty container related issues58-63
• 2.8.3 Container Sharing with Competing Carriers63-66
• CHAPTER THREE Conceptualization of the research66-74
• CHAPTER FOUR Container Inventory Management (CIM) Concept Model & Multidimensional CIM Evaluation Index74-99
• 4.1 Container Inventory Management74-77
• 4.1.1 The Process of Container Operation75-77
• 4.2 Container Inventory Management (3 F) Concept Model77-86
• 4.2.1 Method of Formulating the CIM Mix78-81
• 4.2.2 Understanding the significance of CIM81-82
• 4.2.3 Introducing the 3 F Model (Freight, Forecast, and Flexibility)82-84
• 4.2.4 The Application techniques of 3F Model84-86
• 4.3 Multidimensional CIM Competence Index86-91
• 4.3.1 The origins of CIM Index86-87
• 4.3.2 Method of constructing the country's Multidimensional CIM Index (CMCI) and Carriers' container inventory management competence (CIMC)87-91
• 4.4 Computing Multidimensional CIM Index for Sri Lanka91-95
• 4.4.1 Interpretation92
• 4.4.2 Validating the CMCI for Sri Lanka92-95
• 4.5 Identifying the variables that may impact CIM strategies95-99
• CHAPTER FIVE Potential Solutions to Container Inventory Imbalance Problem:The 6R Container Supply Management Model99-147
• 5.1 The container Demand: Customers' Perspectives99-100
• 5.1.1 The Six Types of Demands99-100
• 5.2 Managing Container Inventory based on Customer Demand100-107
• 5.2.1 Minimizing Container Inventory Imbalance102-107
• 5.3 Identification of the variables affecting container demand and supply107-112
• 5.3.1 Exporters' view (The demand for containers)108-110
• 5.3.2 Carriers' view (The supply of containers)110-112
• 5.4 Feasibility evaluation of container exchange as a smart CIM strategy112-140
• 5.4.1 Causes Underlying Container Inventory Imbalance112-116
• 5.4.2 Need for Balanced In/Out Movements116-117
• 5.4.3 The imbalance117-118
• 5.4.4 MTY movement in Sri Lanka118-119
• 5.4.5 Cost incurred due to imbalance119-120
• 5.4.6 Alliances of CSL120-123
• 5.4.7 The models of collaboration123-138
• 5.4.8 Collaborating to Sustain138-140
• 5.5 Identification of carriers' perception towards container exchange140-147
• CHAPTER SIX Virtual Container Pool and its Evaluation147-167
• 6.1 Container Exchange Possibilities147-149
• 6.1.1 Prerequisites for Container exchange148-149
• 6.1.2 Two key aspects that determines the aptness of container exchange149
• 6.2 Examine the variables that influence container exchange between carriers149-157
• 6.3 Development of a model for the container exchange between carriers157-158
• 6.3.1 The Benefits and disadvantages157-158
• 6.4 Formation of Virtual Container Pool(VCP)158-159
• 6.5 The mathematical model for the VCP159-167
• 6.5.1 Problem formulation159-160
• 6.5.2 Notation, assumptions and problem description160
• 6.5.3 Decision variables160-161
• 6.5.4 Model161-163
• 6.5.5 Examples163-167
• CHAPTER SEVEN A Case Study from Sri Lanka167-172
• 7.1 Container Exchange between shipping lines in Sri Lanka167-168
• 7.2 Evaluation of the impact of container exchange168-172
• CHAPTER EIGHT Conclusions；Limitations；and Directions for Further Research172-178
• 8.1 Conclusions172-177
• 8.1.1 The key contributions of research174-177
• 8.2 Limitations of the Study177
• 8.3 Recommendations for further research177-178
• References178-189
• Publication on the topic by researcher and corresponding chapter in the thesis189-190
• Acknowledgements190-192
• Resume192-196

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本文編號：948003