三沙海事監(jiān)管研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-30 21:04
【摘要】：早在19世紀(jì),美國海軍上校馬漢在著名的《海權(quán)論》一書中就提到“海權(quán)即憑借海洋或者通過海洋能夠使一個民族成為偉大民族的一切東西”,“誰控制了海洋,誰就控制了貿(mào)易,誰控制了貿(mào)易,誰就控制了世界的財富,最后也就控制了世界本身”。可以說西方人的海洋意識在近代得到了快速發(fā)展,然而在西方世界海洋意識崛起的時候,我們的海洋意識還處在萌芽狀態(tài),以至于錯過了歷史上最難得的歷史機(jī)遇期。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)后,各國的海洋意識普遍提高,人們對海洋的重視達(dá)到了前所未有的程度,海洋資源的開發(fā)讓一些海洋國家獲得了豐厚的匯報。隨著海洋開發(fā)的不斷發(fā)展,各沿海國的海洋管理等工作不斷加強(qiáng),但由于國情和歷史的不同,海洋管理的特點也不相同。 進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)后,人們更是相信21世紀(jì)是海洋的世紀(jì)。各國都在如何進(jìn)一步完善和改進(jìn)本國的海洋管理工作上努力探索,尋找適合自身的海洋管理體制。我國海上行政執(zhí)法體制與很多國家不同,經(jīng)過幾次機(jī)構(gòu)改革后,形成了海事、海關(guān)、海洋、邊防、漁政等多部門共同管理的機(jī)制。本文主要研究海事機(jī)構(gòu)在三沙海域內(nèi)依法行使海事監(jiān)管職能問題。 三沙是我國最年輕的城市,所轄海域范圍逾200萬平方千米,大約相當(dāng)于全中國陸地面積的四分之一,其中有超過200個無人居住的島嶼和巖礁。三沙市所轄的南海海域不僅是我國漁民重要的傳統(tǒng)漁場和東北亞最重要的國際通道,也是我國海洋資源最豐富的海域。2010年中華人民共和國西沙海事局掛牌成立,揭開了三沙海事監(jiān)管的新篇章,但由于三沙海事局起步晚,機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置和人才隊伍及執(zhí)法裝備配置還不夠完善,相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)和規(guī)章制度也還不夠健全,加上南海的地理位置及局勢的特殊性,三沙海事監(jiān)管工作還存在著一些問題和不足。 本文主要運(yùn)用公共管理學(xué)的原理和理論基礎(chǔ),通過大量的歷史文獻(xiàn)、國際公約和法律法規(guī),比較國內(nèi)外海上執(zhí)法體制及隊伍力量及發(fā)展情況以及三沙海事監(jiān)管現(xiàn)狀,借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國家在海事監(jiān)管方面的好的經(jīng)驗和做法。在此基礎(chǔ)上對三沙海事監(jiān)管現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行研究分析,剖析三沙海事監(jiān)管存在問題的深層次原因,并在研究分析過程中對已有問題和經(jīng)驗進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)提出自己的理論和看法,對三沙海事監(jiān)管工作提出自己的建議和看法以及加強(qiáng)三沙海事監(jiān)管的思路和對策。
[Abstract]:As early as the 19th century, U. S. Navy Colonel Mahan mentioned in his famous Maritime Power Theory that "sea power means everything that can make a nation a great nation by virtue of the sea or through the ocean." whoever controls the ocean, who controls trade, who controls the wealth of the world, and finally controls the world itself. " It can be said that Westerners' marine consciousness has developed rapidly in modern times. However, when the western world's marine consciousness rose, our marine consciousness was still in its infancy, so that we missed the most rare historical opportunity in history. After entering the 20th century, the marine consciousness of various countries has been generally improved, and people have paid more attention to the ocean than ever before. The exploitation of marine resources has made some marine countries get rich reports. With the continuous development of marine development, the marine management of coastal countries has been strengthened, but due to the different national conditions and history, the characteristics of marine management are also different. After entering the 21 st century, people believe that the 21 st century is the century of the ocean. All countries strive to explore how to further improve and improve their own marine management, and find a suitable marine management system. The maritime administrative law enforcement system in China is different from that in many countries. After several institutional reforms, a joint management mechanism of maritime, customs, marine, border defense, fisheries and other departments has been formed. This paper mainly studies the maritime institutions exercising maritime supervision function in Sansha sea area according to law. Sansha is the youngest city in China, with a sea area of more than 2 million square kilometers, equivalent to about 1/4 of the land area of China, including more than 200 uninhabited islands and reefs. The South China Sea area under the jurisdiction of Sansha City is not only an important traditional fishing ground for Chinese fishermen and the most important international passage in Northeast Asia, but also the most abundant marine resources in China. The establishment of the Xisha Maritime Bureau of the people's Republic of China in 2010 opened a new chapter in the maritime supervision of Sansha. However, due to the late start of the Sansha Maritime Bureau, the establishment of the organization and the allocation of personnel and law enforcement equipment are not perfect. The relevant laws and regulations are not perfect, coupled with the geographical location of the South China Sea and the particularity of the situation, there are still some problems and deficiencies in the maritime supervision of Sansha. Based on the principles and theoretical basis of public management, through a large number of historical documents, international conventions and laws and regulations, this paper compares the strength and development of maritime law enforcement system and team at home and abroad, as well as the present situation of Sansha maritime supervision, and draws lessons from the good experience and practices of developed countries in maritime supervision. On this basis, this paper studies and analyzes the present situation of Sansha maritime supervision, analyzes the deep-seated causes of the problems existing in Sansha maritime supervision, and puts forward its own theories and views in the process of research and analysis, puts forward its own suggestions and views on Sansha maritime supervision and control work, and puts forward some ideas and countermeasures for strengthening Sansha maritime supervision and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D630;F552.7
本文編號：2508250
[Abstract]:As early as the 19th century, U. S. Navy Colonel Mahan mentioned in his famous Maritime Power Theory that "sea power means everything that can make a nation a great nation by virtue of the sea or through the ocean." whoever controls the ocean, who controls trade, who controls the wealth of the world, and finally controls the world itself. " It can be said that Westerners' marine consciousness has developed rapidly in modern times. However, when the western world's marine consciousness rose, our marine consciousness was still in its infancy, so that we missed the most rare historical opportunity in history. After entering the 20th century, the marine consciousness of various countries has been generally improved, and people have paid more attention to the ocean than ever before. The exploitation of marine resources has made some marine countries get rich reports. With the continuous development of marine development, the marine management of coastal countries has been strengthened, but due to the different national conditions and history, the characteristics of marine management are also different. After entering the 21 st century, people believe that the 21 st century is the century of the ocean. All countries strive to explore how to further improve and improve their own marine management, and find a suitable marine management system. The maritime administrative law enforcement system in China is different from that in many countries. After several institutional reforms, a joint management mechanism of maritime, customs, marine, border defense, fisheries and other departments has been formed. This paper mainly studies the maritime institutions exercising maritime supervision function in Sansha sea area according to law. Sansha is the youngest city in China, with a sea area of more than 2 million square kilometers, equivalent to about 1/4 of the land area of China, including more than 200 uninhabited islands and reefs. The South China Sea area under the jurisdiction of Sansha City is not only an important traditional fishing ground for Chinese fishermen and the most important international passage in Northeast Asia, but also the most abundant marine resources in China. The establishment of the Xisha Maritime Bureau of the people's Republic of China in 2010 opened a new chapter in the maritime supervision of Sansha. However, due to the late start of the Sansha Maritime Bureau, the establishment of the organization and the allocation of personnel and law enforcement equipment are not perfect. The relevant laws and regulations are not perfect, coupled with the geographical location of the South China Sea and the particularity of the situation, there are still some problems and deficiencies in the maritime supervision of Sansha. Based on the principles and theoretical basis of public management, through a large number of historical documents, international conventions and laws and regulations, this paper compares the strength and development of maritime law enforcement system and team at home and abroad, as well as the present situation of Sansha maritime supervision, and draws lessons from the good experience and practices of developed countries in maritime supervision. On this basis, this paper studies and analyzes the present situation of Sansha maritime supervision, analyzes the deep-seated causes of the problems existing in Sansha maritime supervision, and puts forward its own theories and views in the process of research and analysis, puts forward its own suggestions and views on Sansha maritime supervision and control work, and puts forward some ideas and countermeasures for strengthening Sansha maritime supervision and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D630;F552.7
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