【摘要】：城市交通是影響和帶動整個城市發(fā)展,良性循環(huán)的重要布局建設(shè),也是逐漸改善人民生活的具體表現(xiàn),但是隨著人們生活水平的提高,私家車逐漸進(jìn)入到人們的日常生活中去,加之原有的道路交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施增長不能及時地滿足加速增長的小汽車數(shù)量對道路的需求,交通資源的供給與需求矛盾日益激化,交通擁堵問題已經(jīng)成為全球許多城市面臨的城市病。 交通擁堵在北京市已經(jīng)由來己久,且交通管理部門也在逐年增加公共交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施資源,不斷改善道路環(huán)境,逐漸限制小汽車的購買和使用。但是效果并不理想,小汽車使用比例依然居高不下,公共交通使用比例提升并不明顯。因此,適時做出用經(jīng)濟(jì)手段調(diào)整交通資源的供需矛盾,已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)在北京市擁堵治理的主要課題。 本文首先從供給、需求和制度上研究國內(nèi)外道路交通管理理論,歸納其理論特點(diǎn),以及實(shí)踐應(yīng)用情況；其次,對擁堵治理積極且效果良好的倫敦、首爾、東京、紐約、新加坡、香港、上海7大城市的對造成交通擁擠的相關(guān)因素進(jìn)行因子分析,將16項(xiàng)因素分類,并得出因子得分,分析各城市擁堵治理效果良好的原因；第三,本文詳細(xì)分析了北京市交通現(xiàn)狀,歸納交通擁堵特點(diǎn),并與7大城市進(jìn)行詳細(xì)對比,分析北京市與7城市間公共交通和私人交通差距；最后,結(jié)合因子分析結(jié)果和分析北京市與各大城市間治理差異對北京市交通擁堵治理措施提出具體對策建議。
[Abstract]:Urban traffic is an important layout construction that affects and drives the development of the whole city and a virtuous circle, and it is also a concrete manifestation of gradually improving people's lives. However, with the improvement of people's living standards, private cars gradually enter into people's daily life, in addition, the growth of the original road traffic infrastructure can not meet the demand for roads in the number of cars that accelerate the growth in time. The contradiction between the supply and demand of traffic resources is becoming more and more fierce, and the problem of traffic congestion has become a urban disease faced by many cities around the world. Traffic congestion has been in Beijing for a long time, and traffic management departments are also increasing public transport infrastructure resources year by year, constantly improving the road environment, and gradually restricting the purchase and use of cars. However, the effect is not ideal, the proportion of car use is still high, and the proportion of public transport use is not obvious. Therefore, timely adjustment of the contradiction between supply and demand of traffic resources by economic means has become the main topic of congestion control in Beijing. Firstly, this paper studies the theory of road traffic management at home and abroad from the aspects of supply, demand and system, and sums up its theoretical characteristics, as well as its practical application. Secondly, the factors related to traffic congestion in London, Seoul, Tokyo, New York, Singapore, Hong Kong and Shanghai, which are positive and effective in congestion management, are analyzed, 16 factors are classified, and the factors score are obtained, and the reasons for the good effect of congestion management in each city are analyzed. Thirdly, this paper analyzes the present situation of traffic in Beijing in detail, sums up the characteristics of traffic congestion, and compares it with seven major cities in detail, and analyzes the gap between public transport and private traffic between Beijing and 7 cities. Finally, combined with the results of factor analysis and the analysis of the governance differences between Beijing and major cities, this paper puts forward some concrete countermeasures and suggestions for the control of traffic congestion in Beijing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F572.88;F224

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