【摘要】：鐵路行業(yè)是我國重要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施產(chǎn)業(yè)，對全國的經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行、社會穩(wěn)定具有重大的影響力，但是作為傳統(tǒng)的自然壟斷行業(yè)，長期以來，我國鐵路行業(yè)存在著政企不分，效率低下，定價機(jī)制不甚合理等問題，而對其政府規(guī)制的改革進(jìn)程卻相當(dāng)緩慢，甚至已經(jīng)在鐵路行業(yè)內(nèi)部形成了復(fù)雜的利益集團(tuán)，使相關(guān)改革無法深入。進(jìn)入“高鐵時代”以來，我國鐵路行業(yè)整體取得了飛速的發(fā)展，規(guī)模進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大，高鐵速度和技術(shù)領(lǐng)跑世界，成就斐然。但隨著鐵路行業(yè)規(guī)模的迅速擴(kuò)大、新型列車的加入以及通訊、信號技術(shù)的更新，鐵路行業(yè)無論從業(yè)務(wù)還是管理上都變得更為復(fù)雜，對政府規(guī)制體制形成了新的挑戰(zhàn)。鐵路行業(yè)政府規(guī)制體制固有的弊端嚴(yán)重影響了我國鐵路行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展，市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷進(jìn)步和社會的總體福利水平。在這樣的背景之下，本文從2011年7月23日甬溫線特大鐵路交通事故的發(fā)生展開論述，著力以下幾個方面分析研究了我國鐵路行業(yè)政府規(guī)制改革的相關(guān)問題： 首先，政府規(guī)制理論相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)綜述。通過對政府規(guī)制理論的發(fā)展回顧，以及國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對鐵路行業(yè)政府規(guī)制改革的相關(guān)研究，可以對政府規(guī)制理論的發(fā)展進(jìn)程有一個比較明確的認(rèn)識，從中吸取有益的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，以史為鑒，從而獲得我國鐵路行業(yè)政府規(guī)制改革的理論指導(dǎo)。 其次，鐵路行業(yè)技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)特征及其新變化。鐵路路權(quán)一直以來都是專門使用，其具有線路運(yùn)輸點(diǎn)多、調(diào)度復(fù)雜，相對其他運(yùn)輸工具來說污染較小，自然壟斷性、正外部性、公益性等技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)特征。進(jìn)入“高鐵時代”以后，其技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)特征發(fā)生了一些新的變化，對行業(yè)發(fā)展和政府規(guī)制產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。 再次，，我國鐵路行業(yè)規(guī)制改革的演進(jìn)及進(jìn)一步改革的必要性。自1881年通車的中國第一條自辦鐵路——唐胥鐵路開始，中國鐵路已經(jīng)走過了100多年的歷史，本文先是對我國鐵路行業(yè)的發(fā)展進(jìn)行了簡要的概述，總結(jié)了成績但沒有忽視缺點(diǎn)，之后又引申到我國鐵路行業(yè)政府規(guī)制改革的演進(jìn)，對目前我國鐵路行業(yè)發(fā)展存在的主要問題進(jìn)行了闡述。 最后，發(fā)達(dá)國家經(jīng)驗借鑒及我國鐵路行業(yè)政府規(guī)制改革的建議。本文隨后介紹了美國、英國以及日本的鐵路行業(yè)政府規(guī)制改革情況，針對他們的經(jīng)驗得出對我國改革的啟示，在總結(jié)前文的基礎(chǔ)上給出了適合我國國情和鐵路行業(yè)特點(diǎn)的政策建議。
[Abstract]:Railway industry is an important infrastructure industry in our country, which has great influence on national economic operation and social stability. However, as a traditional natural monopoly industry, the railway industry of our country has existed inefficiency and indifference in politics and enterprises for a long time. The pricing mechanism is not reasonable, but the reform process of its government regulation is rather slow, even has formed a complex interest group in the railway industry, which makes the relevant reform unable to go deep. Since entering the "high-speed railway era", China's railway industry has made rapid development, the scale of further expansion, the speed and technology of high-speed rail leading the world, great achievements. However, with the rapid expansion of the scale of the railway industry, the addition of new trains and the update of communication and signal technology, the railway industry has become more complex in terms of business and management, which poses a new challenge to the government regulation system. The inherent malpractice of government regulation system in railway industry seriously affects the healthy development of railway industry in China, the continuous progress of market economy and the overall welfare level of society. Under this background, this paper discusses the occurrence of the traffic accident of Yongwen Line on July 23, 2011, and focuses on the following aspects to analyze and study the related problems of the government regulation reform of the railway industry in China: first of all, Literature review of government regulation theory. Through reviewing the development of government regulation theory and domestic and foreign scholars' research on the reform of government regulation in railway industry, we can have a clear understanding of the development process of government regulation theory, and draw useful experience and lessons from it. Based on the history, we can get the theoretical guidance of the government regulation reform of the railway industry in our country. Secondly, the technical and economic characteristics of railway industry and its new changes. Railway road right has been used specially all the time. It has many transportation points, complicated dispatching, less pollution, natural monopoly, positive externality, public welfare and other technical and economic characteristics compared with other means of transportation. After entering the "era of high-speed railway", some new changes have taken place in its technical and economic characteristics, which have had a certain impact on the development of the industry and the regulation of the government. Thirdly, the evolution of China's railway regulation reform and the necessity of further reform. Since the first self-run railway in China-Tangxu Railway, which opened to traffic in 1881, the Chinese Railway has gone through a history of more than 100 years. Firstly, this paper gives a brief overview of the development of the railway industry in China, summarizes the achievements but does not neglect the shortcomings. Then it extends to the evolution of government regulation reform in China's railway industry, and expounds the main problems existing in the development of China's railway industry at present. Finally, the experience of developed countries and China's railway industry government regulation reform suggestions. This paper then introduces the government regulation reform of the railway industry in the United States, Britain and Japan, and draws the enlightenment to the reform of our country according to their experience. On the basis of summarizing above, this paper gives some policy suggestions suitable for China's national conditions and the characteristics of railway industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F532.1

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