發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-26 18:38

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代物流的飛速發(fā)展,電子商務(wù)、企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈管理中提高服務(wù)水平及降低庫(kù)存的需要,使得城市貨運(yùn)正在呈現(xiàn)出多物種、多批次、少批量的JIT配送的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),促進(jìn)城市貨運(yùn)車(chē)輛的大幅增加,對(duì)于本身已經(jīng)非常擁堵的大城市來(lái)說(shuō),無(wú)疑更是雪上加霜。制定科學(xué)、合理的貨運(yùn)交通規(guī)劃已成為現(xiàn)代物流發(fā)展環(huán)境下的貨運(yùn)交通問(wèn)題迫在眉睫的舉措。在實(shí)踐中,貨運(yùn)交通作為綜合交通規(guī)劃體系下的一個(gè)子規(guī)劃,進(jìn)行交通分配時(shí),通常采用與客運(yùn)交通相同的方法。然而,由于貨運(yùn)交通在參與對(duì)象、決策機(jī)制、產(chǎn)生機(jī)理、分配原則等方面與客運(yùn)交通大不不同,適用于客運(yùn)交通的分配方法并不能真實(shí)的反映城市貨運(yùn)交通的情況。并且,目前大多采用的交通分配模型忽略了各個(gè)出行之間的相互關(guān)系,而從貨運(yùn)車(chē)輛出行行為來(lái)看,隨著車(chē)輛路徑安排水平的提高,貨運(yùn)車(chē)輛已傾向于采用包含多個(gè)出行活動(dòng)的出行鏈結(jié)方式來(lái)完成運(yùn)輸任務(wù)。因此,為更加準(zhǔn)確的反映城市貨運(yùn)交通的實(shí)際情況,必須結(jié)合城市貨運(yùn)交通的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理、特征及貨運(yùn)出行行為等多方面因素,建立適合貨運(yùn)交通分配的模型。 本文結(jié)合出行鏈理論,分析符合貨運(yùn)出行行為的貨運(yùn)出行鏈及其特征指標(biāo),總結(jié)貨運(yùn)出行鏈的不同模式及其影響因素。在對(duì)比現(xiàn)有“基于貨物”和“基于車(chē)輛”兩種貨運(yùn)交通需求預(yù)測(cè)方法的基礎(chǔ)上,選取“基于貨物”的城市貨運(yùn)交通需求預(yù)測(cè)方法作為本文研究的基礎(chǔ)。并對(duì)比現(xiàn)有交通分配模型,選取Fisk模型作文本文研究的基礎(chǔ)模型。然后結(jié)合出行鏈理論,研究了獲得貨運(yùn)交通量OD分布的方法,為貨運(yùn)交通分配提供前提保障。最后,考慮出行鏈對(duì)貨運(yùn)交通分配的影響,以“廣義費(fèi)用”最小為原則,以Fisk模型為基礎(chǔ),建立了基于出行鏈的隨機(jī)用戶均衡分配模型,提出了求解模型的算法,并以一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的算例證明了模型與算法的有效性。然而,由于基于出行鏈的隨機(jī)用戶均衡分配模型是在Fisk模型的基礎(chǔ)上提出的,在計(jì)算時(shí)需要作路徑列出,對(duì)于規(guī)模較大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)來(lái)說(shuō),較為復(fù)雜,因而基于出行鏈的隨機(jī)用戶均衡分配模型僅適用于規(guī)模較小的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 最后,以德陽(yáng)市旌陽(yáng)區(qū)貨運(yùn)交通規(guī)劃作為案例,結(jié)合本文提出的模型及方法對(duì)該區(qū)的貨運(yùn)交通需求進(jìn)行分配,并結(jié)合預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果對(duì)德陽(yáng)市旌陽(yáng)區(qū)貨運(yùn)交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)提出了相應(yīng)的改善措施。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern logistics, electronic commerce, the need to improve service level and reduce inventory in enterprise supply chain management, urban freight is showing the development trend of multi-species, multi-batch, less batch JIT distribution. The huge increase in urban freight vehicles will undoubtedly add to the woes of the already congested big cities. Making scientific and reasonable freight transportation planning has become an urgent measure of freight transportation problem under the environment of modern logistics development. In practice, freight traffic, as a sub-planning under the integrated traffic planning system, usually uses the same method as passenger traffic in traffic allocation. However, because freight transportation is very different from passenger traffic in the object of participation, decision-making mechanism, production mechanism and distribution principle, the distribution method applicable to passenger traffic can not truly reflect the situation of urban freight traffic. Moreover, most of the current traffic assignment models ignore the relationship between different trips, and from the point of view of the travel behavior of freight vehicles, with the improvement of the level of vehicle routing, Freight vehicles have tended to use multiple trip chains to complete their transport tasks. Therefore, in order to reflect the actual situation of urban freight transportation more accurately, it is necessary to establish a model suitable for the distribution of freight traffic by combining the production mechanism, characteristics and freight travel behavior of urban freight transportation. Based on the theory of trip chain, this paper analyzes the freight trip chain and its characteristic index, and summarizes the different modes of freight trip chain and its influencing factors. On the basis of comparing the existing freight traffic demand forecasting methods based on goods and vehicles, this paper selects the "cargo based" urban freight traffic demand forecasting method as the basis of this paper. And compared with the existing traffic allocation model, select the Fisk model composition of the basic model. Then, based on the theory of trip chain, the method of obtaining the OD distribution of freight traffic is studied, which provides the prerequisite for the distribution of freight traffic. Finally, considering the effect of trip chain on freight traffic allocation, based on the principle of "generalized cost" and Fisk model, a stochastic user equilibrium assignment model based on trip chain is established, and an algorithm for solving the model is proposed. A simple example is given to prove the validity of the model and algorithm. However, because the stochastic user equilibrium assignment model based on trip chain is proposed on the basis of Fisk model, it is necessary to list the paths in the calculation, which is more complex for the larger network. Therefore, the stochastic user equilibrium assignment model based on trip chain is only suitable for small scale networks. Finally, taking the freight traffic planning in Jingyang district of Deyang city as an example, combining the model and method proposed in this paper, the demand for freight transportation in this area is allocated. Combined with the forecast results, the corresponding improvement measures are put forward for the freight transportation network in Jingyang District of Deyang City.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F570

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