【摘要】：隨著我國新型城鎮(zhèn)化戰(zhàn)略穩(wěn)步推進,城市區(qū)域擴展步伐加快,公眾出行需求方式和需求結(jié)構(gòu)也發(fā)生了較大變化。公眾對公共交通出行的個性化需求日益增長,傳統(tǒng)城市公共交通市場也進一步細分,出現(xiàn)了商務(wù)快線、定制公交、通勤班車等各具特色的新型公共交通出行方式。在公交出行方式發(fā)生巨變的同時,現(xiàn)代城市交通所面臨的壓力也在不斷加大,主要表現(xiàn)在交通擁堵現(xiàn)象日益嚴峻。形勢的發(fā)展變化,對公共交通行業(yè)管理和價格監(jiān)管提出了全新挑戰(zhàn)。2012年,國務(wù)院根據(jù)快速發(fā)展變化的交通形勢,出臺了《關(guān)于城市優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共交通的指導意見》(國發(fā)[2012]64號),要求將公共交通發(fā)展放在城市交通發(fā)展的首要位置,著力提升城市公共交通保障水平。2014年7月,省政府出臺《關(guān)于進一步落實城市公共交通優(yōu)先發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的實施意見》(蘇政發(fā)[2014)80號),明確提出“建立科學合理的票價票制體系”。論文以揚州市現(xiàn)行的公交票價政策為研究對象,借助于能夠收集并整理的文獻資料,應(yīng)用準公共物品定價的理論依據(jù)、國內(nèi)外城市公交票價定價模式、公益性票價理論對揚州市現(xiàn)行公交票價管理機制中存在的問題進行研究分析,并針對造成揚州市現(xiàn)行票價管理機制中存在的公交企業(yè)虧損嚴重,群眾投訴較多,財政補貼不到位等問題的影響因素進行研究分析。最后,本文針對揚州市現(xiàn)行票價機制中存在的問題提出了票價改革的思路和方法,即健全管理機制,科學核定票價,在堅持一票制、低票價的基礎(chǔ)上,針對公眾不同的交通出行需求,在充分考慮公交企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營成本的基礎(chǔ)上,在消費者經(jīng)濟能夠承受的范圍內(nèi)核定城市公共交通票價。建立公交公益性票價制定與實施的保障機制,以“財政兜底”為保障,健全財政補貼機制,對于政策性虧損,并給予適當補貼,同時本文還提出了建立公交補貼機制的效益評價指標體系,充分調(diào)動企業(yè)管理者和員工的積極性,利用政策優(yōu)惠引導社會資金在公共交通事業(yè)中發(fā)揮重要作用,充分利用公交基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施用地綜合開發(fā)的政策、公交廣告租賃資源,通過市場化運作拓寬經(jīng)營渠道,提高企業(yè)自身造血功能提升公交服務(wù)水平,并通過出行滿意度調(diào)查不斷提升公交服務(wù)水平,讓公交出行成為公眾的首選出行方式。
[Abstract]:With the steady progress of the new urbanization strategy in China, the expansion of urban areas has been accelerated, and the public travel demand mode and demand structure have also changed greatly. The demand of the public for public transport travel is increasing day by day, and the traditional urban public transport market is also further subdivided. There are new types of public transport travel modes with their own characteristics, such as business fast line, customized public transportation, commuter bus and so on. At the same time, the pressure of modern urban traffic is also increasing, which is mainly reflected in the increasingly severe traffic congestion. The development and changes of the situation pose a new challenge to the management of the public transport industry and the regulation of prices. In 2012, according to the rapid development of the traffic situation, Issued the guiding opinion on the priority Development of Public Transport in cities (Guofa [2012] 64), which requires that public transport development should be placed at the top of the urban traffic development and that efforts should be made to improve the level of urban public transport security. The provincial government has issued "opinions on the implementation of the priority Development Strategy of Urban Public Transport" (Su Zhengfa [2014] 80), and put forward clearly "establishing a scientific and reasonable ticket system". This paper takes the current public transport fare policy of Yangzhou as the research object, with the help of the literature which can be collected and collated, applies the theoretical basis of quasi-public goods pricing, and the domestic and foreign city bus fare pricing model. The public welfare ticket price theory studies and analyzes the existing problems in Yangzhou's current bus fare management mechanism, and aiming at the serious losses of public transport enterprises existing in Yangzhou's current fare management mechanism, the masses complain more. Financial subsidies are not in place and other factors affecting the study and analysis. Finally, aiming at the problems existing in the current fare mechanism of Yangzhou City, this paper puts forward the ideas and methods of fare reform, that is, perfecting the management mechanism, scientifically verifying the ticket price, on the basis of adhering to the one-vote system and the low ticket price. In view of the different public transportation demand, considering the production and operation cost of public transport enterprises, the city public transport ticket price can be determined within the range of consumer economy. To establish a guarantee mechanism for the formulation and implementation of public transport fares, take the "financial bottom" as the guarantee, improve the financial subsidy mechanism, and give appropriate subsidies to policy losses, At the same time, this paper also puts forward the benefit evaluation index system of establishing the public transport subsidy mechanism, fully arousing the enthusiasm of enterprise managers and employees, and using preferential policies to guide social funds to play an important role in public transportation. Make full use of the policy of comprehensive development of public transport infrastructure land, rent the resources of public transport advertisement, widen the management channels through the market-oriented operation, improve the enterprise's own hematopoiesis function and enhance the level of public transport service. And through the travel satisfaction survey to continuously improve the level of public transport services, so that bus travel becomes the first choice for the public travel mode.
【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F572.5

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