【摘要】：隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)穩(wěn)定的高速增長(zhǎng),汽車(chē)購(gòu)買(mǎi)量迅速增加,目前我國(guó)汽車(chē)消費(fèi)量位列世界第三,汽車(chē)產(chǎn)量為世界第四位,汽車(chē)整車(chē)運(yùn)輸需求也不斷增大。我國(guó)整車(chē)運(yùn)輸現(xiàn)主要采取的是公路運(yùn)輸,鑒于載有汽車(chē)整車(chē)的貨車(chē)往往具有超長(zhǎng)超限的性質(zhì),導(dǎo)致公路運(yùn)輸不僅具有很大的安全隱患,而且容易造成交通擁堵,運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中的排放物對(duì)環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的污染,加之對(duì)超長(zhǎng)超限車(chē)輛處罰力度的加大及運(yùn)輸方式的不合理和運(yùn)輸距離的不經(jīng)濟(jì)都使整車(chē)運(yùn)輸?shù)某杀揪痈卟幌?我國(guó)汽車(chē)整車(chē)的運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用大致是美國(guó)或歐洲的3倍。這意味我們有必要找到合適的運(yùn)輸方式來(lái)降低運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用,從而加強(qiáng)企業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。公水聯(lián)運(yùn)作為一種先進(jìn)的運(yùn)輸組織和管理形式,不僅能夠有效降低運(yùn)輸成本,還是一種環(huán)境友好型的運(yùn)輸方式,采用公水聯(lián)運(yùn)實(shí)現(xiàn)汽車(chē)整車(chē)的運(yùn)輸已經(jīng)是一種迫切的需求。面對(duì)整車(chē)公水聯(lián)運(yùn)形成的復(fù)雜運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò),采取何種運(yùn)輸方式組合及運(yùn)輸路徑來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)公水聯(lián)運(yùn)的最優(yōu),是汽車(chē)制造企業(yè)目前急需解決的問(wèn)題。本文研究了長(zhǎng)江流域汽車(chē)整車(chē)公水聯(lián)運(yùn)路徑選擇問(wèn)題,指出公水聯(lián)運(yùn)區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)的公水聯(lián)運(yùn)形式,在中轉(zhuǎn)節(jié)點(diǎn)城市換裝采用的是重載汽車(chē)滾上滾下的運(yùn)輸方式而不是借助港口起吊設(shè)備吊上掉下來(lái)完成。通過(guò)對(duì)公水聯(lián)運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換,將中轉(zhuǎn)節(jié)點(diǎn)拆分成多個(gè)虛擬節(jié)點(diǎn)來(lái)構(gòu)成公水聯(lián)運(yùn)虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖,在傳統(tǒng)以經(jīng)濟(jì)效益為目標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上,在發(fā)展“低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)”的大背景下,加入碳排放量這一目標(biāo),構(gòu)建了基于費(fèi)用-時(shí)間-碳排放量最小的多目標(biāo)路徑選擇模型,并在這三個(gè)目標(biāo)之間尋找到折中平衡。在運(yùn)輸時(shí)間模型的構(gòu)建過(guò)程中,由于公水聯(lián)運(yùn)過(guò)程中運(yùn)輸時(shí)間與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)時(shí)間具有不確定性,因此文章引入模糊數(shù)的概念來(lái)表示兩類(lèi)時(shí)間的不確定性,并且考慮了各個(gè)路段的擁擠度,提高了的出行可靠性。在碳排放量模型的構(gòu)建中,根據(jù)不同燃料的噸公里消耗量、單位熱值的含碳量及不同運(yùn)輸設(shè)備的碳氧化率建立了碳排放因子計(jì)算模型。通過(guò)充分比較幾種智能算法的使用范圍以及各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),采取改進(jìn)遺傳算法對(duì)汽車(chē)整車(chē)公水聯(lián)運(yùn)多目標(biāo)最優(yōu)模型進(jìn)行求解算法的設(shè)計(jì)。將構(gòu)建的模型應(yīng)用于實(shí)際案例,使用Matlab程序來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)求解過(guò)程,由于多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化問(wèn)題目標(biāo)函數(shù)具有相悖性,得到一組分布均勻的Pareto最優(yōu)解集,即長(zhǎng)江流域汽車(chē)整車(chē)運(yùn)輸?shù)暮侠磉\(yùn)輸方式組合及運(yùn)輸路徑,以此為長(zhǎng)江沿線汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)運(yùn)輸?shù)目茖W(xué)決策提供一定的借鑒作用。
[Abstract]:With the steady and high speed growth of Chinese economy, the quantity of automobile purchase is increasing rapidly. At present, China's automobile consumption ranks third in the world, the output of automobile is the fourth in the world, and the demand for whole vehicle transportation is also increasing. In our country, the main means of vehicle transportation is road transportation. In view of the fact that the truck carrying the whole vehicle often has the nature of exceeding the limit, the road transportation not only has a great hidden danger of safety, but also easily causes traffic jam. The serious pollution of the environment caused by the emissions in the transportation process, and the increase of the punishment for the overlong and overlimited vehicles, the unreasonable transportation mode and the uneconomical transportation distance, all make the cost of the whole vehicle transportation very high. The transportation cost of the whole car in our country is about three times that of the United States or Europe. This means that we need to find the right mode of transport to reduce transport costs, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises. As an advanced form of transportation organization and management, public water transport is not only able to effectively reduce transportation costs, but also an environment-friendly mode of transport. It is an urgent need to use public water transport to realize the transportation of whole vehicle. In the face of the complex transportation network formed by the public water transport of the whole vehicle, it is urgent for the automobile manufacturing enterprises to solve the problem that how to combine the transportation mode and the transportation route to realize the optimal transport of the public water transport. In this paper, we study the route selection of the whole vehicle in the Yangtze River valley, and point out that the public water transport is different from the traditional public water transport. In the transfer node city, heavy truck rolling and rolling transport mode is used instead of the port hoisting equipment. By transforming the public water transport network, the transfer node is divided into several virtual nodes to form the public water transport virtual network map. On the basis of the traditional economic benefits as the goal, under the background of developing "low carbon economy", By adding the target of carbon emissions, a multi-objective path selection model based on the minimum cost, time-carbon emissions is constructed, and a compromise balance is found among the three goals. In the construction of transport time model, because of the uncertainty of transport time and transit time in the process of public water transport, this paper introduces the concept of fuzzy number to express the uncertainty of two kinds of time. And the congestion of each section is considered to improve the travel reliability. In the construction of carbon emission model, a carbon emission factor model is established according to the consumption of different fuel tonnage km, the carbon content per unit heat value and the carbon oxidation rate of different transportation equipment. By comparing the application range of several intelligent algorithms and their advantages and disadvantages, an improved genetic algorithm is adopted to solve the multi-objective optimal model of the whole vehicle through water and public transport. The model is applied to practical cases, and the Matlab program is used to realize the solution process. Because the objective function of the multi-objective optimization problem is contradictory, a set of uniformly distributed Pareto optimal solutions is obtained. That is to say, the reasonable transportation mode combination and transportation route of the whole vehicle transportation in the Yangtze River Valley, which can provide certain reference for the scientific decision of the automobile production enterprises along the Yangtze River.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F512.4;F426.471

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本文編號(hào)：2323315