【摘要】：近些年來(lái),中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量已具規(guī)模,但呈現(xiàn)出“不平衡、不協(xié)調(diào)、不可持續(xù)”的特點(diǎn)。隨著鐵路建設(shè)投資不斷加大,運(yùn)輸能力正從限制型向適應(yīng)型轉(zhuǎn)變,在這種經(jīng)濟(jì)特點(diǎn)下加之自身因素,鐵路貨運(yùn)形成了供需矛盾和結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾,兩種矛盾深刻影響著鐵路貨運(yùn)發(fā)展。在2008年,我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)了減緩的跡象,這嚴(yán)重沖擊了鐵路的經(jīng)營(yíng),在2012年,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)又出現(xiàn)了下行趨勢(shì),鐵路經(jīng)營(yíng)發(fā)展再次受到影響,同時(shí),經(jīng)過(guò)市場(chǎng)的多年深化,當(dāng)前物流市場(chǎng)呈現(xiàn)出了多元發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì),市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日益激烈,鐵路貨運(yùn)今后如何發(fā)展、怎樣競(jìng)爭(zhēng)令人深思。 本文首先研究了鐵路競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略有效實(shí)施的市場(chǎng)化條件和戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境。由于鐵路計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的特性依然顯著,指令性計(jì)劃仍是主要經(jīng)濟(jì)手段,存在著信息成本和激勵(lì)成本過(guò)高而難以有效率的固有缺陷,因此必須深化市場(chǎng)化改革,而鐵路市場(chǎng)化取向的改革能否成功在于運(yùn)輸價(jià)格和經(jīng)營(yíng)主體兩個(gè)必要方面市場(chǎng)化改革能否成功,由此才能有效實(shí)施競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略。對(duì)于戰(zhàn)略環(huán)境分析,是基于SCP理論對(duì)物流市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行較全面分析,根據(jù)服務(wù)品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)品價(jià)值來(lái)劃分三類物流市場(chǎng),應(yīng)用產(chǎn)業(yè)組織理論對(duì)三類市場(chǎng)分別從市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)、市場(chǎng)行為、市場(chǎng)績(jī)效上進(jìn)行考察,再通過(guò)對(duì)鐵路在三類物流市場(chǎng)中的演化進(jìn)行分析,以明確鐵路在三類市場(chǎng)中的企業(yè)行為方式。其次,對(duì)鐵路競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略進(jìn)行定位分析。在分析運(yùn)輸需求狀況和鐵路運(yùn)輸矛盾基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用SWOT技術(shù)對(duì)影響因素進(jìn)行定性判斷,形成戰(zhàn)略體系后,通過(guò)所建立戰(zhàn)略矩陣定位分析模型對(duì)各因素進(jìn)行定量計(jì)算,給出戰(zhàn)略重心、進(jìn)行戰(zhàn)略定位,從而明確在具體物流市場(chǎng)中所要采取的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略類型。再次,通過(guò)建立模型對(duì)運(yùn)輸資源優(yōu)化整合進(jìn)行分析。對(duì)于運(yùn)輸資源的優(yōu)化,主要是從集、疏、運(yùn)三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行布局優(yōu)化整合研究。在貨運(yùn)站點(diǎn)布局方面,根據(jù)站點(diǎn)的發(fā)展形態(tài),形成了布局優(yōu)化次序,明確了不同情景下站點(diǎn)的優(yōu)化方法,從單一品類貨運(yùn)站點(diǎn)選址、建設(shè)、整合優(yōu)化,到多品類貨運(yùn)站建設(shè)優(yōu)化,再到多服務(wù)功能的物流中心規(guī)劃優(yōu)化上,建立模型、進(jìn)行研究；在運(yùn)輸組織優(yōu)化方面,對(duì)于重載鐵路運(yùn)輸組織著重分析了技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)要求、多組合站情況下的車流組織問(wèn)題,建立模型、進(jìn)行研究,對(duì)于普通和快捷貨物列車開(kāi)行,克服了以往所隱含車流無(wú)差異化假設(shè)和歷史數(shù)據(jù)當(dāng)前化假設(shè)的不足,從實(shí)時(shí)性車流差異化角度出發(fā),考慮不同服務(wù)水平約束,建立模型、進(jìn)行研究。最后,本文以廣州鐵路(集團(tuán))公司貨運(yùn)為例,對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略和優(yōu)化整合等問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了案例分析與實(shí)證研究。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's total economic volume has a scale, but presents the characteristics of "unbalanced, uncoordinated, unsustainable". With the increasing investment in railway construction, the transportation capacity is changing from the restricted type to the adaptive type. Under this economic characteristic and its own factors, the railway freight transport has formed the contradiction between supply and demand and structural contradiction. The two contradictions deeply affect the development of railway freight transport. In 2008, China's economy showed signs of slowing down, which seriously impacted the operation of the railway. In 2012, the economy of our country again showed a downward trend, the development of the railway operation was affected again, and at the same time, after many years of deepening of the market, At present, the logistics market presents a diversified development situation, the market competition is increasingly fierce, how to develop the railway freight transport in the future, how to compete is thought-provoking. This paper first studies the market-oriented conditions and strategic environment for the effective implementation of railway competition strategy. Because the characteristic of planned economy of railway is still remarkable, directive plan is still the main economic means, there are inherent defects that information cost and incentive cost are too high and it is difficult to be efficient, so we must deepen market-oriented reform. Whether the reform of railway marketization orientation can be successful or not depends on the two essential aspects of transportation price and the main body of operation, so as to effectively implement the competitive strategy. For strategic environment analysis, logistics market is comprehensively analyzed based on SCP theory. According to service quality and product value, three kinds of logistics market are divided into three kinds of markets, and the market structure and market behavior of three kinds of markets are analyzed by applying the theory of industrial organization. Through the analysis of the evolution of railway in three kinds of logistics market, the enterprise behavior of railway in the three kinds of markets is clarified. Secondly, analyze the position of railway competition strategy. On the basis of analyzing the transportation demand and the contradiction of railway transportation, the influence factors are judged qualitatively by SWOT technology, and the strategic system is formed. The quantitative calculation of each factor is carried out through the established strategic matrix positioning analysis model. The strategic center of gravity is given, the strategic orientation is carried out, and the type of competitive strategy to be adopted in the specific logistics market is determined. Thirdly, the optimization and integration of transportation resources are analyzed by establishing a model. For the optimization of transportation resources, the integration of layout optimization is mainly carried out from three links: set, sparse and transportation. In terms of freight station layout, according to the development form of the site, the layout optimization order is formed, and the optimization method of the site under different scenarios is defined. The site location, construction, integration and optimization are selected, built and integrated from a single category freight station. To the multi-category freight station construction optimization, then to the multi-service function logistics center planning optimization, establishes the model, carries on the research; In the aspect of transportation organization optimization, for heavy haul railway transportation organization, the technical and economic requirements are emphatically analyzed, the traffic flow organization problem in the case of multiple combined stations is analyzed, the model is established, the research is carried out, and the common and fast freight trains are operated. This paper overcomes the deficiency of the former implicit assumption of no differentiation of traffic flow and the assumption of current historical data. From the point of view of real-time traffic flow differentiation, considering the constraints of different service levels, the model is established and studied. Finally, taking Guangzhou Railway (Group) freight as an example, this paper makes a case study on competitive strategy and optimization and integration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F532.3;U294.1

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