【摘要】：鐵路運(yùn)輸服務(wù)對(duì)促進(jìn)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)和諧發(fā)展有著重要的作用,特別是貨物運(yùn)輸,既關(guān)系到了物價(jià)水平的高低,又關(guān)系到鐵路部門的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。然而,鐵路貨運(yùn)受到國(guó)內(nèi)其他運(yùn)輸方式及快遞業(yè)的沖擊使其運(yùn)量呈現(xiàn)逐年下降的趨勢(shì)。為了提高鐵路貨運(yùn)綜合效益,務(wù)必要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的貨運(yùn)改革。貨運(yùn)定價(jià)對(duì)貨運(yùn)量的影響最為顯著,市場(chǎng)定價(jià)為主,政府定價(jià)為輔的模式也逐漸適應(yīng)貨運(yùn)市場(chǎng),對(duì)于鐵路部門挽回市場(chǎng)份額、分配資源、提高運(yùn)輸效率有著積極的推動(dòng)作用。本文總結(jié)了我國(guó)鐵路貨運(yùn)定價(jià)體系的發(fā)展歷程、現(xiàn)狀及不足之處,同時(shí)借鑒了國(guó)外鐵路貨運(yùn)定價(jià)體系的經(jīng)驗(yàn),分析了貨運(yùn)定價(jià)機(jī)制的制定原理及現(xiàn)狀,并分析了影響貨運(yùn)定價(jià)制定的因素,在相關(guān)定價(jià)原理的基礎(chǔ)上提出符合我國(guó)國(guó)情發(fā)展的定價(jià)機(jī)制及策略。鐵路貨運(yùn)遵循市場(chǎng)的供需規(guī)律,PPI和CPI指數(shù)對(duì)鐵路貨運(yùn)定價(jià)有著很大的指導(dǎo)作用。一方面,定價(jià)的動(dòng)態(tài)性直接由PPI和CPI指數(shù)來(lái)反映,其變化率和定價(jià)的浮動(dòng)程度實(shí)現(xiàn)了同步性,另一方面,定價(jià)空間變得更大,從貨運(yùn)定價(jià)機(jī)制來(lái)講,完全走向了市場(chǎng)化,由鐵路部門自行定價(jià),這也符合我國(guó)鐵路貨運(yùn)改革的要求。本文結(jié)合PPI及CPI指數(shù)的變化對(duì)鐵路貨運(yùn)定價(jià)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整,提出基于PPI及CPI指數(shù)的鐵路貨運(yùn)動(dòng)態(tài)定價(jià)模型,采用最小二乘法對(duì)定價(jià)模型的參數(shù)進(jìn)行標(biāo)定。利用國(guó)家鐵路總公司統(tǒng)計(jì)的鐵路貨運(yùn)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算其相應(yīng)的定價(jià)。為了能更好的體現(xiàn)出PPI及CPI指數(shù)的聯(lián)動(dòng)性,將鐵路貨運(yùn)定價(jià)按照季度進(jìn)行,以適應(yīng)各個(gè)時(shí)間段的貨運(yùn)市場(chǎng)需求,最后根據(jù)相應(yīng)的定價(jià)模型及指數(shù)預(yù)測(cè),得到近期各個(gè)季度貨運(yùn)動(dòng)態(tài)定價(jià),并制定相應(yīng)的定價(jià)策略,這對(duì)后期鐵路貨運(yùn)的發(fā)展有著深遠(yuǎn)的指導(dǎo)意義,從而進(jìn)一步提高其經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)效益。
[Abstract]:Railway transport service plays an important role in promoting the harmonious development of national economy and society, especially the freight transportation, which not only relates to the level of price, but also to the economic benefit of railway department. However, the impact of other modes of transport and express delivery industry makes the volume of railway freight decrease year by year. In order to improve the comprehensive benefit of railway freight transport, it is necessary to carry out corresponding freight transport reform. Freight pricing has the most significant impact on freight volume, market pricing is the main, the government pricing model is gradually adapted to the freight market, which plays a positive role in the railway sector to recover market share, allocate resources, and improve transport efficiency. This paper summarizes the development course, present situation and deficiency of China's railway freight pricing system. At the same time, it draws lessons from the experience of foreign railway freight pricing system, and analyzes the principle and present situation of the freight pricing mechanism. The paper also analyzes the factors that affect the pricing of freight, and puts forward the pricing mechanism and strategy in accordance with the development of China's national conditions on the basis of the relevant pricing principles. Railway freight follows the law of market supply and demand. PPI and CPI index have a great guiding effect on railway freight pricing. On the one hand, the dynamic of pricing is reflected directly by PPI and CPI index, and the rate of change and the floating degree of pricing realize synchronism. On the other hand, the pricing space becomes larger, and the pricing mechanism of freight is completely market-oriented. By the railway department self-pricing, this also accords with our country railroad freight transport reform request. Combined with the change of PPI and CPI exponents, this paper proposes a dynamic pricing model of railway freight transport based on PPI and CPI exponents, and uses the least square method to calibrate the parameters of the pricing model. The corresponding pricing is calculated by using the railway freight data collected by the State Railway Corporation. In order to better reflect the linkage of PPI and CPI index, the railway freight pricing is carried out according to the quarterly, in order to adapt to the freight market demand of each time period, finally according to the corresponding pricing model and index forecast, The dynamic pricing of freight transport in recent seasons and the corresponding pricing strategy are obtained, which has a profound guiding significance for the development of railway freight transport in the later period, thus further improving its economic and social benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F532.5

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本文編號(hào)：2302335