【摘要】：鐵路貨運(yùn)是我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中極為重要的骨干運(yùn)輸方式,特別在大宗物資的運(yùn)輸中起著舉足輕重的作用。近年來,我國(guó)鐵路事業(yè)取得了突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展,但相對(duì)于水運(yùn)、公路等其他運(yùn)輸方式,鐵路貨運(yùn)在全社會(huì)整體貨運(yùn)量中的占比呈下滑的態(tài)勢(shì),且其物流增加值與其在貨運(yùn)量中所占的比例相比顯得過低。這一方面與鐵路貨運(yùn)負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)輸?shù)漠a(chǎn)品構(gòu)成有著密切的聯(lián)系,另一方面也與其體制與運(yùn)作中的一些弊端息息相關(guān)。 作為曾經(jīng)的鐵路子弟,筆者長(zhǎng)期以來一直關(guān)注著鐵路的改革與發(fā)展；同時(shí)作為一個(gè)致力于搜尋改革帶來的商業(yè)機(jī)遇的創(chuàng)業(yè)人,筆者也相信鐵路的改革孕育著巨大的創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)遇。因此,筆者選擇了鐵路貨運(yùn)改革這一主題,在宏觀與微觀兩個(gè)層面上,分別就鐵路貨運(yùn)改革的方向與路徑選擇以及民營(yíng)鐵路貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè)的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略這兩個(gè)的問題展開研究并提出筆者個(gè)人的見解。 首先,本文作者通過對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外大量文獻(xiàn)的研究并經(jīng)過與相當(dāng)數(shù)量業(yè)內(nèi)權(quán)威人士的訪談,對(duì)當(dāng)前鐵路貨運(yùn)的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了分析。在分析中,筆者運(yùn)用了經(jīng)典的波特五力模型,并通過研究得出結(jié)論：當(dāng)前鐵路貨運(yùn)領(lǐng)域存在著兩大基本矛盾,即(1)鐵路運(yùn)能閑置與巨大物流需求缺口之間的矛盾；(2)大宗貨運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)模式與零擔(dān)高效運(yùn)輸需求的矛盾。 緊接著,筆者對(duì)當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的成因以及狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了勾勒性的描述,運(yùn)用STP的方法對(duì)鐵路貨運(yùn)的目標(biāo)客戶進(jìn)行了鎖定,并重點(diǎn)針對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移為什么給鐵路貨運(yùn)帶來了重大戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇以及鐵路貨運(yùn)現(xiàn)狀與戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇的要求之間的差距進(jìn)行了闡述。 鐵路貨運(yùn)兩大基本矛盾以及產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇均要求鐵路貨運(yùn)盡快實(shí)現(xiàn)向現(xiàn)代物流的轉(zhuǎn)型。接下來,本文對(duì)鐵路貨運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)型的必要性與可行性進(jìn)行了闡述,并得出重要結(jié)論：鐵路貨運(yùn)向現(xiàn)代物流的轉(zhuǎn)型其實(shí)質(zhì)就是鐵路承運(yùn)人向第三方物流服務(wù)供應(yīng)商的轉(zhuǎn)型。進(jìn)而分析得出結(jié)論：轉(zhuǎn)型的突破口是大力加強(qiáng)鐵路融入集裝箱多式聯(lián)運(yùn)物流鏈條的力度,通過這一先進(jìn)的物流承載模式促進(jìn)鐵路貨運(yùn)各環(huán)節(jié)的改革與轉(zhuǎn)型。 最后,本文來到微觀的層面,運(yùn)用了創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)識(shí)別理論、動(dòng)態(tài)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)理論等多種理論與方法,對(duì)民營(yíng)鐵路貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè)的定位與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略演變進(jìn)行了探討。本文提出民營(yíng)鐵路貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè)在實(shí)現(xiàn)了成為一家成功的功能型第三方鐵路代理企業(yè)的目標(biāo)后,并不一定要向全流程的綜合型物流代理企業(yè)方向發(fā)展,也可以根據(jù)企業(yè)實(shí)際選擇跳躍式的發(fā)展道路向第四方物流服務(wù)供應(yīng)商方向發(fā)展實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)功能升級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)型。
[Abstract]:Railway freight transport is an important backbone transportation mode in our national economy, especially in the transportation of large quantities of goods. In recent years, China's railway industry has made rapid progress, but compared with other transport modes, such as water transport, highway and other transport modes, the proportion of railway freight in the overall freight volume of the whole society is declining. And its logistics added value is too low compared with its proportion in freight volume. On the one hand, it is closely related to the product composition of railway freight transportation, on the other hand, it is closely related to some drawbacks in its system and operation. As a former railway child, the author has been concerned about the reform and development of the railway for a long time, and as a entrepreneur who is committed to searching for the commercial opportunities brought by the reform, the author also believes that the reform of the railway gives birth to a huge opportunity to start a business. Therefore, the author chooses the theme of railway freight transport reform, at the macro and micro levels, This paper studies the direction and path choice of railway freight transport reform and the development strategy of private railway freight forwarder enterprises, and puts forward the author's personal opinions. First of all, the author analyzes the current situation of railway freight transportation by studying a large number of domestic and foreign literature and through interviews with a considerable number of industry authorities. In the analysis, the author uses the classical Porter's five-force model, and draws a conclusion through the research: there are two basic contradictions in the field of railway freight transport at present, namely (1) the contradiction between the idle railway transportation capacity and the huge logistics demand gap; (2) the contradiction between bulk freight business model and efficient transportation demand. Then, the author describes the cause and status of the current domestic industry transfer, and uses the STP method to lock in the target customers of railway freight transport. This paper also focuses on the reasons why the industrial transfer has brought great strategic opportunities to railway freight transportation and the gap between the present situation of railway freight transport and the requirements of strategic opportunities. The two basic contradictions of railway freight and the strategic opportunity of industry transfer require railway freight to realize the transition to modern logistics as soon as possible. Then, this paper expounds the necessity and feasibility of the transformation of railway freight transport, and draws an important conclusion: the transformation of railway freight to modern logistics is essentially the transformation of railway carriers to third-party logistics service providers. The conclusion is that the breakthrough of the transformation is to strengthen the integration of the railway into the container multimodal logistics chain, and to promote the reform and transformation of the various links of railway freight transport through this advanced logistics carrying mode. Finally, this paper comes to the micro level, using the entrepreneurial opportunity identification theory, dynamic competition theory and other theories and methods, discusses the positioning and competitive strategy evolution of private railway freight forwarding enterprises. After realizing the goal of becoming a successful functional third party railway agency, the private railway freight forwarder does not have to develop into a comprehensive logistics agent. We can also choose the leapfrog development path to the fourth party logistics service provider according to the actual situation of the enterprise to realize the transformation of enterprise function upgrading.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F532.6;F252

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本文編號(hào)：2286056