【摘要】：2008年以后,我國的突發(fā)事件應急管理逐步將重心由災時應急救援轉移到災前預防,本文基于此開展交通應急保障預防體系構建研究。論文探討交通應急保障網(wǎng)絡的構建和軟件方面區(qū)域應急聯(lián)動機制的構建都是基于一種應急理念：分級應對,分層治理。 首先,區(qū)域交通應急保障體系是一個地區(qū)應急保障體系的一個重要組成部分,而其本身又包含諸多子體系。概括來講,交通應急保障體系的諸多子體系主要分為硬件體系(道路資源體系、應急平臺、物質(zhì)設備等)和軟件體系(預案體系、財政體系、法制體系、運作機制等)。其次,交通應急保障體系的構建方法有很多,論文在總結已有的研究成果基礎上,提出通過建立交通應急保障網(wǎng)絡和應急聯(lián)動機制兩方面來構建交通應急保障體系。交通應急保障網(wǎng)絡主要涵蓋硬件體系的道路網(wǎng)絡和應急物資配置；軟件體系方面主要探討應急聯(lián)動機制的構建。交通應急保障網(wǎng)絡主要由交通應急節(jié)點和應急通道(路徑)組成。交通應急節(jié)點是一個地區(qū)或城市交通應急系統(tǒng)的載體,其最主要的作用是為應急過程提供交通應急保障。一方面,基于應急節(jié)點重要度分析、層次劃分以及應急范圍界定這三方面對交通應急節(jié)點進行合理布局。交通應急節(jié)點主要分三類,區(qū)域性應急中心節(jié)點、區(qū)域性應急服務節(jié)點、地方性應急服務節(jié)點。運用模糊聚類法予以劃分,并通過Matlab完成運算。應急節(jié)點應急范圍的界定主要從應急時間、應急能力和行政屬性三方面來討論。另一方面,以最小化疏散、救援時間以及最小化在突發(fā)事件區(qū)域的擁堵和延誤可能性為目標,建立模型對應急保障網(wǎng)絡進行優(yōu)化；針對氣候條件差和地質(zhì)結構脆弱敏感地區(qū)的應急通道優(yōu)化,論文提出多路徑優(yōu)化策略,運用層次分析法,其以現(xiàn)有交通應急節(jié)點之間的通道運輸能力和抗災害能力作為規(guī)劃通道內(nèi)新路徑的主要評價指標。應急資源共分若干類,根據(jù)應急節(jié)點的層次配置相應的種類和數(shù)量。 軟件體系方面主要探討應急聯(lián)動機制的建立,分別探討縱向上交通應急系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的應急聯(lián)動機制構建以及橫向上應急管理系統(tǒng)下各個部門之間的應急聯(lián)動機制構建。這兩方面均從機制的組織結構和運作機制兩方面來探討分析,其目的是形成—套“統(tǒng)一指揮,高效有序”的應急聯(lián)動機制。 最后是案例分析,結合重慶市綜合交通研究所對重慶市的交通應急保障方面的研究和有關數(shù)據(jù),應用所提出的交通應急保障體系構建方法得出重慶市的交通應急保障網(wǎng)絡構建、應急資源配置和應急聯(lián)動機制建立。
[Abstract]:Since 2008, the focus of emergency management in China has been gradually shifted from emergency relief to pre-disaster prevention. Based on this, the construction of traffic emergency protection and prevention system has been carried out in this paper. This paper discusses the construction of traffic emergency protection network and the construction of regional emergency linkage mechanism in software, which is based on a kind of emergency concept: hierarchical response, hierarchical governance. First, the regional traffic emergency support system is an important part of a regional emergency support system, and it contains many sub-systems. Generally speaking, many sub-systems of traffic emergency support system are mainly divided into hardware system (road resource system, emergency platform, material equipment, etc.) and software system (plan system, financial system, legal system, operation mechanism, etc.). Secondly, there are many methods to construct traffic emergency support system. On the basis of summarizing the existing research results, the paper puts forward the establishment of traffic emergency support network and emergency linkage mechanism to build traffic emergency support system. The traffic emergency support network mainly covers the road network and emergency material allocation of hardware system, and the software system mainly discusses the construction of emergency linkage mechanism. Traffic emergency support network mainly consists of traffic emergency nodes and emergency channels (paths). Traffic emergency node is the carrier of traffic emergency system in a region or city, and its main function is to provide traffic emergency protection for the emergency process. On the one hand, based on the analysis of the importance of emergency nodes, the division of levels and the definition of emergency scope, the traffic emergency nodes are reasonably distributed. Traffic emergency nodes are divided into three types: regional emergency center node, regional emergency service node and local emergency service node. Fuzzy clustering method is used to partition and Matlab is used to complete the operation. The definition of emergency scope of emergency nodes is mainly discussed from three aspects: emergency time, emergency capability and administrative attributes. On the other hand, aiming at minimizing evacuation, rescue time and the possibility of congestion and delay in the emergency area, a model is established to optimize the emergency support network. In view of the emergency channel optimization of poor climate conditions and fragile and sensitive geological structure, this paper puts forward a multi-path optimization strategy, and applies the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The main evaluation indexes of the new route in the channel are the transportation capacity and the disaster resistance ability between the existing traffic emergency nodes. Emergency resources are divided into a number of categories, according to the level of emergency node configuration corresponding types and quantities. In the aspect of software system, it mainly discusses the establishment of emergency linkage mechanism, the construction of emergency linkage mechanism within longitudinal traffic emergency response system and the construction of emergency linkage mechanism between different departments under the lateral emergency management system. These two aspects are discussed and analyzed from the organizational structure and operational mechanism of the mechanism, the purpose of which is to form a "unified command, efficient and orderly" emergency linkage mechanism. Finally, the case analysis, combined with the Chongqing Comprehensive Transportation Research Institute of Chongqing traffic emergency support research and related data, using the proposed traffic emergency support system construction method to get Chongqing traffic emergency support network construction. Establishment of emergency resource allocation and emergency linkage mechanism.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：X43;F512

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