【摘要】：2008年以后,我國的突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急管理逐步將重心由災(zāi)時(shí)應(yīng)急救援轉(zhuǎn)移到災(zāi)前預(yù)防,本文基于此開展交通應(yīng)急保障預(yù)防體系構(gòu)建研究。論文探討交通應(yīng)急保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)的構(gòu)建和軟件方面區(qū)域應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制的構(gòu)建都是基于一種應(yīng)急理念：分級(jí)應(yīng)對(duì),分層治理。 首先,區(qū)域交通應(yīng)急保障體系是一個(gè)地區(qū)應(yīng)急保障體系的一個(gè)重要組成部分,而其本身又包含諸多子體系。概括來講,交通應(yīng)急保障體系的諸多子體系主要分為硬件體系(道路資源體系、應(yīng)急平臺(tái)、物質(zhì)設(shè)備等)和軟件體系(預(yù)案體系、財(cái)政體系、法制體系、運(yùn)作機(jī)制等)。其次,交通應(yīng)急保障體系的構(gòu)建方法有很多,論文在總結(jié)已有的研究成果基礎(chǔ)上,提出通過建立交通應(yīng)急保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)和應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制兩方面來構(gòu)建交通應(yīng)急保障體系。交通應(yīng)急保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)主要涵蓋硬件體系的道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)和應(yīng)急物資配置；軟件體系方面主要探討應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制的構(gòu)建。交通應(yīng)急保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)主要由交通應(yīng)急節(jié)點(diǎn)和應(yīng)急通道(路徑)組成。交通應(yīng)急節(jié)點(diǎn)是一個(gè)地區(qū)或城市交通應(yīng)急系統(tǒng)的載體,其最主要的作用是為應(yīng)急過程提供交通應(yīng)急保障。一方面,基于應(yīng)急節(jié)點(diǎn)重要度分析、層次劃分以及應(yīng)急范圍界定這三方面對(duì)交通應(yīng)急節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行合理布局。交通應(yīng)急節(jié)點(diǎn)主要分三類,區(qū)域性應(yīng)急中心節(jié)點(diǎn)、區(qū)域性應(yīng)急服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)、地方性應(yīng)急服務(wù)節(jié)點(diǎn)。運(yùn)用模糊聚類法予以劃分,并通過Matlab完成運(yùn)算。應(yīng)急節(jié)點(diǎn)應(yīng)急范圍的界定主要從應(yīng)急時(shí)間、應(yīng)急能力和行政屬性三方面來討論。另一方面,以最小化疏散、救援時(shí)間以及最小化在突發(fā)事件區(qū)域的擁堵和延誤可能性為目標(biāo),建立模型對(duì)應(yīng)急保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化；針對(duì)氣候條件差和地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)脆弱敏感地區(qū)的應(yīng)急通道優(yōu)化,論文提出多路徑優(yōu)化策略,運(yùn)用層次分析法,其以現(xiàn)有交通應(yīng)急節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的通道運(yùn)輸能力和抗災(zāi)害能力作為規(guī)劃通道內(nèi)新路徑的主要評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。應(yīng)急資源共分若干類,根據(jù)應(yīng)急節(jié)點(diǎn)的層次配置相應(yīng)的種類和數(shù)量。 軟件體系方面主要探討應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制的建立,分別探討縱向上交通應(yīng)急系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制構(gòu)建以及橫向上應(yīng)急管理系統(tǒng)下各個(gè)部門之間的應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制構(gòu)建。這兩方面均從機(jī)制的組織結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)作機(jī)制兩方面來探討分析,其目的是形成—套“統(tǒng)一指揮,高效有序”的應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制。 最后是案例分析,結(jié)合重慶市綜合交通研究所對(duì)重慶市的交通應(yīng)急保障方面的研究和有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),應(yīng)用所提出的交通應(yīng)急保障體系構(gòu)建方法得出重慶市的交通應(yīng)急保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建、應(yīng)急資源配置和應(yīng)急聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制建立。
[Abstract]:Since 2008, the focus of emergency management in China has been gradually shifted from emergency relief to pre-disaster prevention. Based on this, the construction of traffic emergency protection and prevention system has been carried out in this paper. This paper discusses the construction of traffic emergency protection network and the construction of regional emergency linkage mechanism in software, which is based on a kind of emergency concept: hierarchical response, hierarchical governance. First, the regional traffic emergency support system is an important part of a regional emergency support system, and it contains many sub-systems. Generally speaking, many sub-systems of traffic emergency support system are mainly divided into hardware system (road resource system, emergency platform, material equipment, etc.) and software system (plan system, financial system, legal system, operation mechanism, etc.). Secondly, there are many methods to construct traffic emergency support system. On the basis of summarizing the existing research results, the paper puts forward the establishment of traffic emergency support network and emergency linkage mechanism to build traffic emergency support system. The traffic emergency support network mainly covers the road network and emergency material allocation of hardware system, and the software system mainly discusses the construction of emergency linkage mechanism. Traffic emergency support network mainly consists of traffic emergency nodes and emergency channels (paths). Traffic emergency node is the carrier of traffic emergency system in a region or city, and its main function is to provide traffic emergency protection for the emergency process. On the one hand, based on the analysis of the importance of emergency nodes, the division of levels and the definition of emergency scope, the traffic emergency nodes are reasonably distributed. Traffic emergency nodes are divided into three types: regional emergency center node, regional emergency service node and local emergency service node. Fuzzy clustering method is used to partition and Matlab is used to complete the operation. The definition of emergency scope of emergency nodes is mainly discussed from three aspects: emergency time, emergency capability and administrative attributes. On the other hand, aiming at minimizing evacuation, rescue time and the possibility of congestion and delay in the emergency area, a model is established to optimize the emergency support network. In view of the emergency channel optimization of poor climate conditions and fragile and sensitive geological structure, this paper puts forward a multi-path optimization strategy, and applies the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The main evaluation indexes of the new route in the channel are the transportation capacity and the disaster resistance ability between the existing traffic emergency nodes. Emergency resources are divided into a number of categories, according to the level of emergency node configuration corresponding types and quantities. In the aspect of software system, it mainly discusses the establishment of emergency linkage mechanism, the construction of emergency linkage mechanism within longitudinal traffic emergency response system and the construction of emergency linkage mechanism between different departments under the lateral emergency management system. These two aspects are discussed and analyzed from the organizational structure and operational mechanism of the mechanism, the purpose of which is to form a "unified command, efficient and orderly" emergency linkage mechanism. Finally, the case analysis, combined with the Chongqing Comprehensive Transportation Research Institute of Chongqing traffic emergency support research and related data, using the proposed traffic emergency support system construction method to get Chongqing traffic emergency support network construction. Establishment of emergency resource allocation and emergency linkage mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：X43;F512

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本文編號(hào)：2277948