【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，機(jī)動(dòng)化和城市化進(jìn)程日益加快，城市道路交通正面臨著極其嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)，如何解決城市的擁堵，提高市民效率則是擺在城市管理者中的一個(gè)難題。而事實(shí)證明優(yōu)先發(fā)展公交是一個(gè)有效解決途徑。但是由于目前公交線路運(yùn)力配置屬于粗放式管理水平，城市公共交通車輛運(yùn)力配置狀況與市民日益增長(zhǎng)的出行需求產(chǎn)生了矛盾。如何加強(qiáng)公交運(yùn)營(yíng)管理，合理配置公交線路上的車輛運(yùn)力，提高公交服務(wù)水平，實(shí)現(xiàn)公交企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益的同步提升是城市交通管理者和公交企業(yè)迫切需要解決的課題。 論文在總結(jié)分析國(guó)內(nèi)外公交運(yùn)營(yíng)管理研究基礎(chǔ)上，著重對(duì)公交企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)管理中的單一公交線路的運(yùn)力配置及優(yōu)化進(jìn)行了研究。分別從客流需求、線路特性、運(yùn)營(yíng)特征和車型選擇四方面分析了影響公交線路運(yùn)力配置因素，并且以影響因素為約束條件，結(jié)合寧波公交現(xiàn)有車型狀況，以公交企業(yè)支出的費(fèi)用與乘客乘車等候時(shí)間加權(quán)和最小為目標(biāo)，，建立了寧波公交線路運(yùn)力配置模型。同時(shí)從傳統(tǒng)公交客流量采集方法和運(yùn)用IC卡分析客流量法兩方面對(duì)模型構(gòu)建中的線路客流基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)采集進(jìn)行了分析。最后，以寧波實(shí)際運(yùn)營(yíng)的19路公交線路為例，運(yùn)用設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)模型，進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)有運(yùn)力的匹配測(cè)算，在驗(yàn)證數(shù)據(jù)模型的同時(shí)，也對(duì)該線路提出相應(yīng)的運(yùn)力配置調(diào)整優(yōu)化意見(jiàn)。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)公交運(yùn)營(yíng)管理中的線路運(yùn)力配置研究，為公交線路運(yùn)力配置及優(yōu)化提供了一定的方法，目前該運(yùn)力配置模型已在寧波公交企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)管理決策中進(jìn)行了初步運(yùn)用，為企業(yè)線路運(yùn)力配置的科學(xué)化、精細(xì)化管理奠定了一定的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:With the sustained and rapid development of social economy, motorization and urbanization, urban road traffic is facing a severe test. Improving the efficiency of citizens is a difficult problem for city managers. The fact proved that the priority development of public transport is an effective way to solve the problem. However, due to the extensive management level, the urban public transport capacity allocation is in contradiction with the increasing travel demand of citizens. How to strengthen the operation management of public transport, reasonably allocate the capacity of vehicles on the bus line, and improve the level of public transport service, It is an urgent task for urban traffic managers and public transport enterprises to realize the simultaneous promotion of economic and social benefits of public transport enterprises. On the basis of summing up and analyzing the research of bus operation management at home and abroad, this paper focuses on the research on the allocation and optimization of the transportation capacity of a single bus line in the operation and management of public transport enterprises. From four aspects of passenger demand, line characteristics, operation characteristics and vehicle model selection, this paper analyzes the factors affecting the transportation capacity of public transport lines, and takes the influencing factors as the constraint conditions, combining with the status of existing models of Ningbo bus. Taking the cost of public transportation enterprise and the weighted sum of passenger waiting time as the goal, the model of capacity allocation of Ningbo bus line is established. At the same time, the basic data collection of line passenger flow in the construction of the model is analyzed from two aspects: the traditional bus passenger flow collection method and the IC card analysis passenger flow method. Finally, taking the actual operation of 19 bus lines in Ningbo as an example, using the designed data model, the matching calculation of the existing transportation capacity is carried out. While verifying the data model, the paper also puts forward the corresponding suggestions on the optimization of the capacity configuration of the line. Based on the research of line capacity allocation in bus operation and management, this paper provides a certain method for bus line capacity allocation and optimization. At present, this capacity allocation model has been applied in the operation and management decision of Ningbo public transport enterprise. It has laid a certain foundation for the scientific disposition of enterprise line capacity and fine management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F572.6

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