京綏鐵路的管理經(jīng)營及對綏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的影響（1905-1937）
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-27 06:01
【摘要】：京綏鐵路是由北京至綏遠(yuǎn)的一條通往我國大西北的鐵路大動脈,由京張段、張綏段、綏包段三段組成。在京綏鐵路修建的同時,相關(guān)的組織機構(gòu)也隨之成立。為了便于管理,京綏鐵路局把沿途各站分為頭等、二等、三等站,并且沿線采取分段管理制度,還專門設(shè)立路警,用于維持秩序、維護旅客和貨物的安全。鐵路通車后,相關(guān)人員的需求量也不斷提高,有關(guān)部門出臺了一系列引進人才的措施。京綏鐵路通車前期,鐵路人員的工作時間、薪金、服裝沒有統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn),還出現(xiàn)權(quán)責(zé)不明的情況,為此,交通部先后頒布了一系列章程用于京綏鐵路規(guī)范和管理。同時,鐵路總局還頒布了養(yǎng)老儲金試辦章程和強制儲金章程,這些舉措極大地完善了鐵路管理制度,為路政發(fā)展提供了保證。軍人乘車屢見不法行為,為此,交通部制定了憲兵稽查相關(guān)措施,京綏鐵路沿線派憲兵或護兵進行稽查,同時還制定了軍運和個別軍人乘車的規(guī)則,用于規(guī)范軍人行為,維護整個路政秩序和發(fā)展。京綏鐵路的客車分為三等,與之相對應(yīng)的客車的種類和票價也有所不同,通車后,方便了人們的出行,也促進了物品的流通,從統(tǒng)計的數(shù)據(jù)來看,民國初年運送旅客的人數(shù)和貨物基本上是呈較大幅度上升趨勢,整體上盈利頗豐。京綏鐵路的通車,對綏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響,主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面:改變了原來依靠水運、畜力和人力運輸方式;對外地的藥業(yè)進入綏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)起到了橋梁作用,使得綏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的藥業(yè)在競爭中發(fā)展壯大,也促進了綏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)西醫(yī)的發(fā)展,綏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)醫(yī)療水平也隨之提高;改變以前外省商人以晉商為主的格局,促進了鐵路沿線綏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)商業(yè)發(fā)展;促進了傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,使得一些行業(yè)運用機器生產(chǎn),同時也促進了新行業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大,使綏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的工業(yè)不斷發(fā)展和邁向現(xiàn)代化;加快了城市的形成和城市建設(shè),如集寧市的形成以及包頭的城市建設(shè)與京綏鐵路的開通密切相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:The Beijing-Suiyuan railway is a major railway artery from Beijing to Suiyuan to the northwest of China, which consists of three sections: Beijing-Zhang section, Zhangsui section and Suibao section. At the same time as the Beijing-Suiyuan railway was built, relevant organizations were also established. In order to facilitate management, Jingsui Railway Bureau divides the stations along the way into first-class, second-class and third-class stations, and adopts a piecewise management system along the route, and also sets up road police specially for maintaining order and maintaining the safety of passengers and goods. After the opening of the railway, the demand for related personnel is also increasing, and the relevant departments have issued a series of measures to introduce talents. In the early period of the opening of Beijing-Suiyuan Railway, the working hours, salary and clothing of railway personnel were not unified, and the power and responsibility were not clear. Therefore, the Ministry of Communications issued a series of regulations for the regulation and management of Beijing-Suiyuan Railway. At the same time, the General Administration of Railways also promulgated the articles of association for the trial operation of the pension fund and the compulsory reserve fund, which greatly improved the railway management system and provided a guarantee for the development of the highway administration. For this reason, the Ministry of Communications has formulated relevant measures for the gendarmerie inspection, sent gendarmes or guards along the Beijing-Suiyuan railway line to carry out inspections, and has also formulated rules for military transportation and individual servicemen to ride by car, which are used to standardize military behavior. Maintain the whole road administration order and development. The passenger cars of the Beijing-Suiyuan railway are divided into three classes, and the types and fares of the corresponding passenger cars are also different. After opening to traffic, it has facilitated the travel of people and promoted the circulation of goods. From the point of view of statistical data, In the early years of the Republic of China, the number of passengers and cargo was on the rise, and the overall profit was quite substantial. The opening of the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway has had a profound impact on the Suiyuan region, mainly in the following aspects: changing the original mode of transportation relying on water, animal power and manpower; and playing a bridge role in the entry of the pharmaceutical industry from other countries into Suiyuan. That makes the pharmaceutical industry in Suiyuan region grow stronger in competition, promotes the development of western medicine in Suiyuan region, and raises the medical level in Suiyuan region, and changes the pattern in which businessmen in other provinces used to focus on Shanxi merchants. It has promoted the development of urban commerce in Suiyuan area along the railway line, promoted the rapid development of traditional industries, made some industries use machine production, and also promoted the development and growth of new industries. The formation and construction of cities, such as Jining City and Baotou City, are closely related to the opening of the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F532.9;K26
本文編號：2206331
[Abstract]:The Beijing-Suiyuan railway is a major railway artery from Beijing to Suiyuan to the northwest of China, which consists of three sections: Beijing-Zhang section, Zhangsui section and Suibao section. At the same time as the Beijing-Suiyuan railway was built, relevant organizations were also established. In order to facilitate management, Jingsui Railway Bureau divides the stations along the way into first-class, second-class and third-class stations, and adopts a piecewise management system along the route, and also sets up road police specially for maintaining order and maintaining the safety of passengers and goods. After the opening of the railway, the demand for related personnel is also increasing, and the relevant departments have issued a series of measures to introduce talents. In the early period of the opening of Beijing-Suiyuan Railway, the working hours, salary and clothing of railway personnel were not unified, and the power and responsibility were not clear. Therefore, the Ministry of Communications issued a series of regulations for the regulation and management of Beijing-Suiyuan Railway. At the same time, the General Administration of Railways also promulgated the articles of association for the trial operation of the pension fund and the compulsory reserve fund, which greatly improved the railway management system and provided a guarantee for the development of the highway administration. For this reason, the Ministry of Communications has formulated relevant measures for the gendarmerie inspection, sent gendarmes or guards along the Beijing-Suiyuan railway line to carry out inspections, and has also formulated rules for military transportation and individual servicemen to ride by car, which are used to standardize military behavior. Maintain the whole road administration order and development. The passenger cars of the Beijing-Suiyuan railway are divided into three classes, and the types and fares of the corresponding passenger cars are also different. After opening to traffic, it has facilitated the travel of people and promoted the circulation of goods. From the point of view of statistical data, In the early years of the Republic of China, the number of passengers and cargo was on the rise, and the overall profit was quite substantial. The opening of the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway has had a profound impact on the Suiyuan region, mainly in the following aspects: changing the original mode of transportation relying on water, animal power and manpower; and playing a bridge role in the entry of the pharmaceutical industry from other countries into Suiyuan. That makes the pharmaceutical industry in Suiyuan region grow stronger in competition, promotes the development of western medicine in Suiyuan region, and raises the medical level in Suiyuan region, and changes the pattern in which businessmen in other provinces used to focus on Shanxi merchants. It has promoted the development of urban commerce in Suiyuan area along the railway line, promoted the rapid development of traditional industries, made some industries use machine production, and also promoted the development and growth of new industries. The formation and construction of cities, such as Jining City and Baotou City, are closely related to the opening of the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F532.9;K26
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