本文選題：收益管理 + 五定班列��； 參考：《清華大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國鐵路的貨運長期以來受線路能力制約，運能非常緊張，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)有貨源卻運不出的情況，形成一車難求的局面。隨著近年來國家對鐵路投資的增加，主要鐵路干線將實現(xiàn)客貨分線運輸，貨運能力將得到充分釋放。與此同時，一些地區(qū)由于公路和水路的激烈競爭，鐵路部門為吸引貨源或避免貨源流失，一方面加大五定班列的組織力度，另一方面對擁有大批量穩(wěn)定貨源的客戶實行了運價下浮政策，以保持市場占有率。面對實行不同價格政策的客戶，鐵路現(xiàn)場作業(yè)人員在運力分配中較為常用的做法一種是是簡單地“一刀切”，，平均分配，雖然表面公平，但對中小客戶有利，總體效益略高，卻影響了貨源的穩(wěn)定，易損害大客戶利益，造成貨源流失；另一種做法是完全向大客戶傾斜，基礎運量得到穩(wěn)定，但中小客戶的需求幾乎得不到滿足且總體效益較低，鐵路的公益性也容易受到公眾的質疑，影響鐵路的聲譽。兩種傳統(tǒng)做法的缺點都是沒有解決好公平性與效益的矛盾，那么鐵路運輸?shù)慕M織者應當思考采用一種較為科學的分配方式運用好鐵路的運力資源，最大程度地滿足客戶需求并最大化的實現(xiàn)運輸收益，兼顧公平與效益，這就是本文要探討的一個現(xiàn)實而迫切的問題。 本文綜合評述了收益管理理論在國內(nèi)外交通領域的研究與運用現(xiàn)狀，簡要介紹了國內(nèi)鐵路貨運五定班列的有關規(guī)章和開行狀況，通過分析成都-上海集裝箱五定班列車位分配問題，利用邊際分析和整數(shù)規(guī)劃方法，初步建立了基于收益管理的鐵路五定班列車位分配模型。實驗數(shù)據(jù)表明，與傳統(tǒng)的人工憑經(jīng)驗的車位分配方式相比，利用班列車位分配模型計算的分配方案較好地實現(xiàn)了公平原則上有限運力的收益最大化，同時克服了人工分配的隨意性，具有一定的創(chuàng)新性和實用性�；谑找婀芾淼陌嗔熊囄环峙淠Ｐ蛯τ谄渌I域的資源和能力分配問題同樣有一定的借鑒意義，尤其是在全球一體化加劇，全球資源日益緊張的今天，如何對資源進行有效地配置，用于更需要的領域，產(chǎn)生更好的效益，這種嘗試顯得更有現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Railway freight transportation in our country has long been restricted by the line capacity, and the transportation capacity is very tight. Often, there are sources of goods but can not be transported out, forming a difficult situation. With the increase of national investment in railway in recent years, the main railway lines will realize passenger and cargo transport, and the freight capacity will be fully released. At the same time, due to the fierce competition between roads and waterways in some regions, in order to attract or avoid the loss of goods, the railway departments have, on the one hand, stepped up the organization of the five scheduled shifts. On the other hand, to maintain the market share, the customers with a large and stable supply of goods have carried out the tariff reduction policy. In the face of customers with different price policies, one of the more commonly used methods for railway field operators in capacity distribution is to simply "cut across the board" and distribute equally. Although it is fair on the surface, it is beneficial to small and medium-sized customers, and the overall benefit is slightly higher. However, it affects the stability of the source of goods, easily impairs the interests of the large customers, and results in the loss of the source of goods. Another approach is to completely tilt to the large customers and stabilize the basic transportation volume, but the demand of the small and medium-sized customers is almost unsatisfied and the overall benefits are low. The public welfare of the railway is also easy to be questioned by the public, affecting the reputation of the railway. The shortcomings of the two traditional approaches are that they have not solved the contradiction between fairness and benefit, so the organizers of railway transportation should consider using a more scientific way of distributing railway capacity resources. It is a realistic and urgent problem to meet the needs of customers to maximize the revenue of transportation and to take equity and benefit into account. This is a realistic and urgent problem to be discussed in this paper. In this paper, the research and application of revenue management theory in the field of transportation at home and abroad are comprehensively reviewed, and the relevant regulations and operating conditions of domestic railway freight transport are briefly introduced. Based on the analysis of Chengdu-Shanghai container five fixed class parking space allocation model based on revenue management is established by using marginal analysis and integer programming method. The experimental data show that, compared with the traditional manual parking allocation method, the allocation scheme calculated by using the shift parking space allocation model can realize the maximization of the benefits of limited capacity in principle. At the same time, it overcomes the randomness of manual distribution, and has some innovation and practicability. The allocation model based on income management can also be used for reference in other fields of resource and capacity allocation, especially in today when global integration intensifies and global resources become increasingly tight. How to allocate resources effectively and use them in areas that need more to produce better benefits is of more practical significance.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：U294.1

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本文編號：2060347