本文選題：城市軌道交通 + 外部效應(yīng)��； 參考：《河南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：中國的城市發(fā)展已然到了一個鼎盛的時期，不論從中國城市發(fā)展的規(guī)模、城市經(jīng)濟(jì)模式的進(jìn)程來看，都表明我國的城市發(fā)展已經(jīng)與國際大都市的發(fā)展齊頭并進(jìn)。一個城市的發(fā)展需要依靠政策扶持、引進(jìn)外資，形成一個經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模圈，共享城市的人文風(fēng)采，推動城市向經(jīng)濟(jì)政治文明多元化發(fā)展。城市是微觀主體的話，那個這些微觀主體便組成了國家，國家是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，從政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等多個方面縱向延伸，在每一個不同的領(lǐng)域行使國家職能。組成國家的這些城市，他們的發(fā)展趨勢會牽一發(fā)而動全身，間接的影響著國家未來的發(fā)展。交通一直是制約一個城市發(fā)展的最為重要因素之一，因為我國建國早期對于城市群規(guī)劃沒有前瞻性，很多大中城市的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)在經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展的今天逐現(xiàn)弊端。隨著城市化進(jìn)程的加快，人們對于地域概念的弱化，越來越多的人們奔向了資源相對豐富，競爭更激烈的大城市發(fā)展，有競爭的地方便有更多的機會，因此人口數(shù)量迅猛的增加；加上公眾生活水平的提高，私家車的劇增，這些都給城市的發(fā)展帶來了路與交通、能源消耗、環(huán)境污染這些問題；隨著我國城鎮(zhèn)化規(guī)模的建立，需要迫切的建立能承載更多交通服務(wù)的交通方式，因為城市軌道交通的發(fā)展是順應(yīng)時代的發(fā)展，，響應(yīng)了城市發(fā)展和公眾要求應(yīng)運而生的。 縱觀這幾年中國城市軌道的發(fā)展歷程，我們可以得知我國的的城市軌道交通已進(jìn)入到了一個快速發(fā)展的階段。城市軌道交通由于其特殊性，是一項投資巨大、規(guī)模周期長、回報周期長的系統(tǒng)性項目，還具有準(zhǔn)公共物品的屬性，屬于城市的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，也能幫助政府實現(xiàn)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)。在投資建設(shè)這方面來說，基本上來說，由于項目前期投資數(shù)額巨大，軌道交通基本上是以政府為主導(dǎo)性來進(jìn)行的工程，建設(shè)資金也是由政府承擔(dān)，后期的運營交由地鐵運營公司。但是由于城市軌道交通的正外部性加上不以盈利為目的的低票價策略，便存在著政策性虧損，因此政府有責(zé)任給予經(jīng)營補貼�，F(xiàn)今從各城市的軌道交通，不論是運營還是建設(shè)經(jīng)營的現(xiàn)狀來看，軌道交通仍舊處于政府補貼的狀態(tài)。 從另一個方面來看，鑒于各個城市間的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展水平、政府的財政支付能力是各不相同的，在這其中便應(yīng)存在著一個客觀的、符合實際的補貼機制問題。本文本著從實際出發(fā)，對城市軌道交通發(fā)展歷程進(jìn)行簡要敘述。首先是擺正城市軌道交通的定位，城市軌道交通對城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的積極作用以及城市軌道交通的準(zhǔn)公共物品性、外部性以及政策性低價性等因素決定了城市軌道交通必然需要政府的補貼，本文將補貼模式分為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資補貼和運營補貼兩階段，根據(jù)國內(nèi)外城市軌道交通補貼的現(xiàn)狀，分析我國城市軌道交通政府補貼存在的三個方面的問題，針對這些提供了比較切合實際的、可操作性強的補貼模式建議。在文章的結(jié)尾，針對城市軌道交通的發(fā)展，提出了一些政策建議，以促進(jìn)城市軌道交通在將來更好更快的發(fā)展，進(jìn)一步的帶動城市的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The development of China's urban development has reached a period of great prosperity. No matter from the scale of China's urban development and the process of urban economic model, the development of China's urban development has been in parallel with the development of international metropolises. The development of a city needs to rely on policy support, introduce foreign capital, form an economic scale, and share the city. The city is the cultural diversity of the city, promoting the pluralistic development of the city to the economic and political civilization. The city is the microcosmic subject, and the micro bodies constitute the country. The state is a complex system, extending from many aspects, such as politics, economy and culture, and exercising the state function in every different field. The development trend of our country will lead to the whole body and influence the future development of the country indirectly. The traffic has been one of the most important factors that restrict the development of a city, because China has not foreseed the planning of urban agglomeration in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and the traffic network of many large and medium-sized cities has the disadvantage of the rapid development of the economy. With the acceleration of the process and the weakening of the regional concept, more and more people are moving towards the development of a large city with relatively rich resources, more competitive and more competitive places, and the rapid increase in the population number, the increase of the public living standard and the increase of private cars, all of which have brought about the development of the city. The road and traffic, energy consumption, environmental pollution and other problems, with the establishment of the scale of urbanization in China, it is necessary to establish an urgent way to carry more traffic services, because the development of urban rail transit is complying with the development of the times, responding to the development of the city and the demands of the public.
Looking at the development course of China's urban track in recent years, we can learn that the urban rail transit in China has entered a rapid development stage. Because of its particularity, urban rail transit is a systematic item of large investment, long period of scale, long return cycle, and a property of quasi public goods, which belongs to the city. The infrastructure can also help the government to achieve the political and economic goals. In this respect, basically, because of the huge amount of investment in the early stage of the project, the rail transportation is basically carried out by the government, the construction funds are also undertaken by the government, and the operation of the later period is made by the subway operation company. But because of the urban rail, it is due to the urban rail. The positive externality of the road traffic and the low fare strategy, which is not for the purpose of profit, have a policy loss, so the government is responsible for the subsidy. From the current status of the urban rail transit, whether it is operating or construction and operation, the rail transit is still in the state of government subsidy.
On the other hand, in view of the level of economic and social development between cities, the government's financial capacity to pay is different. In this case, there should be an objective and practical subsidy mechanism. This text is a brief account of the course of urban rail transit development. The position of rail transit, the active role of urban rail transit to the city economy, the quasi public goods, the externality and the low price of the urban rail transit determine that the urban rail transit must be subsidized by the government. In this paper, the subsidy mode is divided into two stages: the basic investment subsidy and the operation subsidy, according to the country. The present situation of the urban rail transit subsidy in China and the outside city, analyses the three aspects of the government subsidy in urban rail transit in China, and provides a relatively practical and operable subsidy model. At the end of the article, some policy suggestions are put forward to promote the urban rail transit. Through better and faster development in the future, we will further promote the economic development of cities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D630;F572

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