本文選題：民用航空 + 普遍服務�。� 參考：《南京航空航天大學》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：民航普遍服務（Universal Air Service）是實現(xiàn)民航大眾化目標的重要基礎，其核心內(nèi)容是綜合運用政策、機制以及制度安排解決偏遠和欠發(fā)達地區(qū)民航服務缺失的問題。本論文分析了民航普遍服務的歷史發(fā)展和最新研究成果；從基本概念和體系構成等方面深入闡述，為我國開展民航普遍服務提供理論依據(jù)。 本論文分析和論述了民航普遍服務基本理論問題，重點研究了構成民航普遍服務體系的三個方面主要內(nèi)容：服務范圍、服務水平和服務機制，為研究出臺我國民航普遍服務相應政策奠定基礎。 針對民航普遍服務基本理論問題，從普遍服務本質(zhì)出發(fā)，通過對比不同產(chǎn)業(yè)普遍服務概念和國外民航普遍服務發(fā)展實踐，采用比較、歸納和演繹的方法，系統(tǒng)提出了民航普遍服務概念的內(nèi)涵和外延；闡述了民航普遍服務的基本特征和主要功能；在此基礎上，分析服務范圍、水平和機制三個構成民航普遍服務體系的核心問題；最后詳細論述了民航普遍服務的理論基礎。 針對民航普遍服務范圍問題，建立了服務范圍機場選點和航線節(jié)點選擇評價指標體系；使用變精度粗糙集綜合評價方法，確定政府擬資助的普遍服務機場和航線節(jié)點排序；基于粗糙集評價排序的結論，利用設施布局優(yōu)化理論，建立最大覆蓋模型，設計拉格朗日算法求解模型，并以新疆地區(qū)為例進行算例分析。結論表明，提出將綜合評價和布局優(yōu)化結合的方法，能兼顧公平與效率的目標，統(tǒng)籌人口覆蓋、資源分布和現(xiàn)實需求等因素，求得滿足目標需求的優(yōu)化方案。 針對民航普遍服務水平問題，為解決航班頻率、票價和座位數(shù)三個服務水平變量的整體優(yōu)化，引入了單元體理論，根據(jù)問題特征，建立民航普遍服務水平單元體模型；設計了改進粒子群算法求解模型，并以新疆地區(qū)為例進行算例分析。結論表明，在政府價格和準入規(guī)制的前提下，以普遍服務運營收益最大為目標建立模型，能較好地兼顧市場需求、企業(yè)運營和政府監(jiān)管的目標，得到滿足實際需求的優(yōu)化方案；同時，從設計算法的求解效率看，改進的粒子群算法用于求解此類NP復雜難問題較之標準粒子群算法，兼具運算效率和精度優(yōu)勢。 民航普遍服務機制問題包括補償機制和保障機制等方面。針對補償機制問題，分析了民航普遍服務補償?shù)慕?jīng)濟學原理，在對比不同產(chǎn)業(yè)普遍服務補償經(jīng)驗基礎上，，提出了民航普遍服務補償模式；采用基于委托代理理論的成本補償分析模型，提出兩種成本補償標準計算方法；統(tǒng)籌考慮服務范圍、服務水平、公平和效率等因素，建立了多目標補貼優(yōu)化模型，最后以新疆地區(qū)為例進行算例分析。結論表明，提出以普遍服務基金為基礎的成本補償模型、補償標準計算以及與多目標優(yōu)化相結合的方法體系，能合理分配補貼資金，實現(xiàn)范圍、水平和補貼資金的優(yōu)化配置。針對保障機制問題，從法律、制度、組織、技術和人才五方面闡述，結合對我國民航普遍服務發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和存在問題的分析，提出相關政策建議。 本文較系統(tǒng)地研究了民航普遍服務理論，彌補了國內(nèi)該研究方向上的不足，從對新疆地區(qū)的實證研究可知，本文提出的民航普遍服務理論和方法體系有很強的實際應用價值，不但有利于拓展產(chǎn)業(yè)普遍服務理論，而且有助于我國民航普遍服務的實踐應用，具有一定的社會效益。
[Abstract]:Civil aviation universal service (Universal Air Service) is an important basis for achieving the goal of civil aviation popularization, its core content is the comprehensive use of policies, mechanisms and institutional arrangements to solve the problem of the lack of civil aviation services in remote and underdeveloped areas. This paper analyzes the historical development of civil aviation universal service and the latest research results. System composition and other aspects are expounded, providing theoretical basis for China's civil aviation universal service.
This paper analyzes and discusses the basic theoretical problems of civil aviation universal service, and focuses on the main contents of the three aspects of the general service system of civil aviation: service scope, service level and service mechanism, which lays the foundation for the research and introduction of the relevant policies of the general service of civil aviation in China.
According to the basic theory of general service of civil aviation, starting from the essence of universal service, by comparing the general service concept of different industries and the development practice of general service of foreign civil aviation, the connotation and extension of the general service concept of civil aviation are systematically put forward by comparison, induction and deduction, and the basic characteristics and main characteristics of civil aviation universal service are expounded. On the basis of this, the paper analyzes the three core issues of the general service system of civil aviation, the scope of service, the level and the mechanism. Finally, the theoretical basis of the general service of civil aviation is discussed in detail.
In view of the general service scope of civil aviation, the selection and evaluation index system of the service scope and the route node are established, and the comprehensive evaluation method of the variable precision rough set is used to determine the general service airport and route node sort by the government. Based on the conclusion of the rough set evaluation, the optimal theory of facility layout is used to establish the most common service. The large cover model is designed to solve the model of Lagrange algorithm, and the example of Xinjiang area is taken as an example. The conclusion shows that the combination of comprehensive evaluation and layout optimization can take into account the goals of fairness and efficiency, overall population coverage, resource distribution and actual needs, and get the optimization scheme to meet the requirements of the target.
In order to solve the general service level of civil aviation, in order to solve the overall optimization of flight frequency, ticket price and seat number, the unit body theory is introduced. According to the characteristics of the problem, the general service level unit model of civil aviation is set up. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is designed, and the example of Xinjiang area is taken as an example. On the premise of government price and admittance regulation, a model is set up on the basis of the maximum profit of universal service operation. It can give a better consideration to the market demand, the enterprise operation and the government supervision, and get the optimization scheme to meet the actual demand. At the same time, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve this problem from the efficiency of the design algorithm. Compared to standard particle swarm optimization, complex NP like problems have both operational efficiency and accuracy advantages.
The general service mechanism of civil aviation includes the compensation mechanism and the guarantee mechanism. In view of the compensation mechanism, the economic principle of civil aviation universal service compensation is analyzed. On the basis of the general service compensation experience of different industries, the general service compensation model of civil aviation is put forward, and the cost compensation analysis based on the principal-agent theory is adopted. Two kinds of cost compensation standard calculation methods are put forward, and the multi-objective subsidy optimization model is established by considering the service scope, service level, fairness and efficiency. Finally, the example of Xinjiang area is taken as an example. The conclusion shows that the cost compensation model based on the universal service fund, the calculation of compensation standard and the more and more of the compensation standards are put forward. The method system combining target optimization can rationally allocate the subsidy funds, realize the scope, level and the optimal allocation of subsidy funds. In view of the problems of the guarantee mechanism, from the five aspects of law, system, organization, technology and talent, it combines the analysis of the current status and existing problems of the general service development of civil aviation in China, and puts forward relevant policy suggestions.
This paper systematically studies the general service theory of civil aviation, and makes up for the shortage of the research direction in China. From the empirical study of Xinjiang area, it can be found that the general service theory and method system of civil aviation is of great practical value. It is beneficial not only to expand the theory of industry universal service, but also to civil aviation in China. The practical application of service has certain social benefits.
【學位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F562

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