本文選題：收費公路　切入點：亂收費　出處：《浙江財經(jīng)大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：建國后，我國落后的公路基礎設施雖然已經(jīng)有了很大改善，但是還是不能滿足經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的需要，尤其在改革開放后，公路對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的瓶頸作用日趨嚴重，“要想富，先修路”已經(jīng)成為政者的口號。為了緩解公路的供需矛盾和嚴重短缺的財政資金，政府出臺了“貸款修路，收費還貸”的政策。這之后，中國公路進入飛速發(fā)展階段。截至2011年底，全國已基本建成各等級公路基礎設施網(wǎng)，低級鄉(xiāng)村公路到高級高速公路都包括。但是隨著收費公路的快速發(fā)展，近年來收費政策也同時伴隨產(chǎn)生了濫收費問題，如收費標準過高、收費站點過多、間隔過密、超期收費等常見的矛盾問題。高昂的收費增加了物流成本，也增加了群眾的出行成本，最終限制經(jīng)濟的進一步再發(fā)展。因此社會對其不滿的聲音越來越強烈，對收費公路改革的呼聲也越來越高，甚至發(fā)生打砸收費站等惡性事件，收費公路的種種問題已經(jīng)成為社會各界關(guān)注的熱點問題。 本研究從收費公路的準公共物品屬性、收費公路的歷史由來和發(fā)展入手，透過收費公路存在的種種問題，利用政府管制理論和治理理論深入分析研究，找出真正原因所在，最后提出可行性的政策建議。 目前我國收費公路存在的主要問題的有：收費標準高、收費標準混亂，沒有一個統(tǒng)一的收費標準；國有收費還貸型收費公路轉(zhuǎn)為經(jīng)營型收費的過程中國有資產(chǎn)流失嚴重，，同時收費公路的的收費被挪用嚴重；收費公路企業(yè)利潤高等等。導致這些問題的原因有許多但是最主要的有如下幾方面：收費公路法律不健全；政府管理體制存在嚴重缺陷，融資比例過高；政府私利性作祟，單純的追求政績和利潤；監(jiān)管錯位。要解決這些問題，本文提出了比較新穎的觀點就是要慢慢回歸收費公路的公共物品屬性，并且給出了具體可行的方法建議。主要有下面幾方面：健全收費公路法律體系；恢復公共性、統(tǒng)籌兼顧、嚴格控制收費公路的總量；提高公共財政支付比例、縮減運營成本；依據(jù)治理理論引入多方參與收費公路的管理，對收費公路企業(yè)實行嚴格的政府管制，如價格標準管制；同時根據(jù)地方政府的財政實力適度回購部分的收費經(jīng)營性公路，免費對公眾開放。
[Abstract]:After the founding of the people's Republic of China, although the backward highway infrastructure in our country has been greatly improved, it still cannot meet the needs of rapid economic development. Especially after the reform and opening up, the bottleneck of highway to economic development has become increasingly serious. "want to be rich,"Building roads first has become the slogan of politicians.In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of highway and the serious shortage of financial funds, the government has issued the policy of "building roads with loans and paying back loans for fees".After this, the Chinese highway enters the rapid development stage.By the end of 2011, the national highway infrastructure network has been basically completed, including low-grade rural roads to high-grade highways.However, with the rapid development of toll roads, in recent years, the charging policy has also been accompanied by excessive charges, such as excessive charging standards, too many toll stations, overcrowded intervals, excessive charges, and other common contradictions.High charges increase logistics costs and travel costs, ultimately limiting further economic growth.Therefore, the voice of social dissatisfaction is becoming stronger and stronger, and the voice of toll road reform is becoming higher and higher. Even the vicious incidents such as smashing toll stations have become a hot issue of all circles of the society.This research starts from the quasi-public goods attribute of toll road, the history and development of toll road, through the various problems existing in toll road, makes use of the theory of government control and the theory of governance, and finds out the real reason.Finally, some feasible policy suggestions are put forward.At present, the main problems of toll roads in our country are: high charging standard, chaotic toll standard, no unified toll standard, serious loss of state-owned assets during the process of state-owned toll road with loan repayment type being converted to operating type toll collection.At the same time, the toll road charge is misappropriated seriously; toll road enterprise profit is high and so on.There are many reasons for these problems but the main ones are as follows: the law of toll road is not perfect; the government management system has serious defects and the proportion of financing is too high;Regulatory dislocation.In order to solve these problems, this paper puts forward a relatively new point of view is to slowly return to the public goods attribute of toll roads, and gives concrete and feasible methods and suggestions.The main aspects are as follows: perfecting the legal system of toll roads, restoring publicity, making overall plans, strictly controlling the total amount of toll roads, increasing the proportion of public finance payment and reducing the operating costs;According to the governance theory, we introduce multi-party participation in the management of toll roads, implement strict government control on toll road enterprises, such as price standard control, and at the same time, according to the financial strength of local governments, appropriate repurchase of part of the toll roads,Free to the public.
【學位授予單位】：浙江財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F542

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