本文選題：公共交通　切入點(diǎn)：票制模式　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展和城市化進(jìn)程的加速，城市機(jī)動化水平和居民生活水平得到進(jìn)一步提高，由此帶來的交通擁堵、能耗上升、交通污染、交通事故等交通問題也日益突出。為緩解城市交通交通，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)城市交通管理和大力發(fā)展大運(yùn)量、高效率、低能耗的城市公共交通系統(tǒng)。實(shí)行公交優(yōu)先既要用政策手段加以引導(dǎo)，又要以經(jīng)濟(jì)手段加以調(diào)控�？茖W(xué)合理的票價(jià)政策是經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控的重要手段，通過形成的價(jià)格杠桿可以起到調(diào)控和平衡交通需求的作用。在由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)到市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的轉(zhuǎn)變過程中，城市公共交通的票制票價(jià)體系仍存在一些問題，比如票價(jià)形式單一、比價(jià)不合理、定價(jià)理論和方法不統(tǒng)一等。尤其在城市軌道交通迅猛發(fā)展的今天，科學(xué)合理的制定公共交通票價(jià)體系對于整個(gè)公共交通的可持續(xù)發(fā)展尤為重要。 本文以城市公共交通票制票價(jià)為研究對象，參考相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，通過進(jìn)行相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查，分析了票制確定了思路及發(fā)展形成過程，，在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了公共交通票價(jià)定價(jià)模型，并以長春市公共交通為對象進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析。 本文共分七章，主要內(nèi)容如下： 第一章，介紹論文的研究背景及意義，總結(jié)分析國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，確定主要研究內(nèi)容和難點(diǎn)，制定論文技術(shù)路線。 第二章，首先闡述了城市公共交通的定義、公共交通方式構(gòu)成及城市公共交通的運(yùn)行特性、管理特性和經(jīng)營特性；其次，論述了城市公共交通定價(jià)應(yīng)遵循的基本原則；再次，對城市公共交通定價(jià)過程考慮的影響因素進(jìn)行了總結(jié)；最后，介紹了定價(jià)的基本理論和集中定價(jià)方法并對其進(jìn)行了簡單分析。 第三章，首先闡述了票制的概念及其分類，總結(jié)了各票制模式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及適用性；其次，歸納了國內(nèi)外部分城市的票制模式，并對其做了定性分析；再次，借鑒一般模型的建模思路，建立票制靜態(tài)選擇模型，確定了模型的目標(biāo)、約束條件及解集，給出了模型求解思路；最后，根據(jù)系統(tǒng)演化的一般規(guī)律，采用系統(tǒng)工程的理論與思想，制定了票制模式演化的理論框架，并結(jié)合我國城市公共交通發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，確定了與之相適應(yīng)的票制模式。 第四章，分別對單一票制、計(jì)程票制及常規(guī)公交與軌道交通聯(lián)合定價(jià)進(jìn)行分析，對三種情況的票價(jià)制定問題進(jìn)行了描述，確立了建模思路，通過對定價(jià)目標(biāo)和約束條件的分析，建立了三種價(jià)格模型。 第五章，以長春市公共交通為研究對象對所建模型進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。首先簡單介紹了長春市公共交通的概況，主要對常規(guī)公交與軌道交通進(jìn)行闡述；其次，敘述長春市了當(dāng)前常規(guī)公交與軌道交通的票制與票價(jià)情況；最后，分別應(yīng)用單一票制定價(jià)模型、計(jì)程票制定價(jià)模型和常規(guī)公交與軌道交通聯(lián)合票價(jià)定價(jià)模型對三種情況進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析，證明了模型的可行性和有效性。 第六章，總結(jié)與展望。歸納本文完成的內(nèi)容、新意之處及有待進(jìn)一步研究的問題。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the level of motorization in cities and the standard of living of residents have been further improved, resulting in traffic congestion, rising energy consumption, traffic pollution, Traffic problems such as traffic accidents are becoming increasingly prominent. In order to alleviate urban traffic, we should strengthen urban traffic management and vigorously develop large volumes and high efficiency. Urban public transport system with low energy consumption. Public transport priority should be guided by policy means as well as regulated by economic means. A scientific and reasonable fare policy is an important means of economic regulation and control. In the process of transition from planned economy to market economy, there are still some problems in the ticket system of urban public transport, such as the single fare form. Especially with the rapid development of urban rail transit, it is very important for the sustainable development of the whole public transport to formulate the public transport fare system scientifically and reasonably. This paper takes the ticket price of urban public transport as the research object, referring to the relevant literature, through the relevant data investigation, analyzes the train of thought and the formation process of the ticket system, and establishes the pricing model of the public transport ticket price on this basis. And Changchun public transport as the object of empirical analysis. This paper is divided into seven chapters, the main contents are as follows:. The first chapter introduces the research background and significance of the paper, summarizes and analyzes the current research situation at home and abroad, determines the main research contents and difficulties, and formulates the technical route of the paper. In the second chapter, the definition of urban public transport, the composition of public transport mode, the characteristics of operation, management and management of urban public transport are described. Secondly, the basic principles of urban public transport pricing are discussed. This paper summarizes the factors that affect the pricing process of urban public transport, and finally, introduces the basic theory of pricing and centralized pricing methods, and makes a simple analysis of them. In the third chapter, the concept and classification of ticket system are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages and applicability of each ticket system model are summarized. Secondly, the ticket system model of some cities at home and abroad is summarized, and qualitative analysis is made. Based on the modeling ideas of the general model, the static choice model of ticket system is established, the objectives, constraints and solution sets of the model are determined, and the solution ideas of the model are given. Finally, according to the general rules of the evolution of the system, Based on the theory and thought of system engineering, the paper formulates the theoretical framework of the evolution of the ticket system model, and determines the corresponding ticket system model according to the development of urban public transportation in China. Chapter 4th analyzes the single ticket system, the metering ticket system and the combined pricing of conventional public transport and rail transit, describes the pricing problems of the three cases, and establishes the modeling ideas. Through the analysis of pricing objectives and constraints, three price models are established. Chapter 5th, take Changchun public transport as the research object to carry on the empirical analysis to the model. First, has introduced the Changchun public transportation general situation, mainly carries on the elaboration to the routine public transport and the rail transit; secondly, This paper describes the ticket system and ticket price of conventional public transport and rail transit in Changchun. Finally, the single ticket pricing model is applied respectively. The pricing model of metering ticket system and the combined pricing model of bus and rail transit are analyzed empirically, and the feasibility and validity of the model are proved. Chapter 6th, summary and prospect. Summarize the content of this paper, new ideas and problems to be further studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：U12;F570.5

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 李琴;郭宏偉;;綠色交通為導(dǎo)向的公交票制票價(jià)制定思路[J];綜合運(yùn)輸;2013年09期

本文編號：1625950