本文選題：改革開放　切入點：中國　出處：《渤海大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：就業(yè)問題是關(guān)系到國計民生的重要問題,因此受到中國共產(chǎn)黨和政府的高度重視。改革開放以來,根據(jù)社會發(fā)展的實際,我國就業(yè)政策的演變先后經(jīng)歷了三個階段。1978年至1992年間,隨著改革開放的不斷深化,我國沖破了原有的“統(tǒng)包統(tǒng)配”的就業(yè)政策,主要實施了在“三結(jié)合”就業(yè)方針指導(dǎo)下的多元就業(yè)政策。一方面,我國提出建立勞動合同制、同時改革招工與用工制度,并采取多種鼓勵政策支持多種經(jīng)濟(jì)形式的發(fā)展,達(dá)到了拓寬就業(yè)渠道的目的;另一方面,打破了對農(nóng)村勞動力向城市流動的限制,加大對鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)的支持,實現(xiàn)了挖掘農(nóng)村就業(yè)潛力的目標(biāo)。1992年至2002年間,我國主要采取了“就業(yè)市場化”與“實施再就業(yè)工程”相結(jié)合的就業(yè)政策。既包括針對下崗失業(yè)人員實施的“再就業(yè)工程”,又包括為了適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制變革而初步建立的就業(yè)市場化政策,同時進(jìn)一步放寬對農(nóng)村勞動力流動的限制,使勞動力跨地區(qū)有序流動。2002年至今我國實施的是集“就業(yè)促進(jìn)、就業(yè)扶持、社會保障、就業(yè)服務(wù)”四位一體的具有中國特色的積極就業(yè)政策。其中包括支持經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、鼓勵全民創(chuàng)業(yè)的就業(yè)促進(jìn)政策;扶持重點人群、實施“三條社會保障線”的扶持與保障政策;構(gòu)建就業(yè)信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)、完善就業(yè)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)的服務(wù)政策。我國就業(yè)政策的演變是多種因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。其中對馬克思主義就業(yè)理論認(rèn)識的不斷深化是就業(yè)政策演變的理論基礎(chǔ),中國共產(chǎn)黨執(zhí)政理念的升華是其演變的政治因素,經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的深刻變革是其演變的經(jīng)濟(jì)根源,就業(yè)意識的轉(zhuǎn)變是其演變的思想根源,社會階層的分化與社會分工的發(fā)展則是其演變的社會根源。回顧我國改革開放以來就業(yè)政策的發(fā)展歷程,總結(jié)其制定和實施過程中的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn),我們在今后應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步把握下列問題:“以人為本、統(tǒng)籌兼顧”是就業(yè)政策制定的宗旨;科學(xué)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)、合理調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)是就業(yè)政策制定的依據(jù);建立就業(yè)預(yù)警、評估系統(tǒng)是就業(yè)政策制定的前提;健全法律法規(guī)、提升就業(yè)細(xì)化度是就業(yè)政策落實的保障;全社會協(xié)同、打造良性就業(yè)市場是就業(yè)政策實施的目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Employment is an important issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood, so the CPC and the government attach great importance to it.Since the reform and opening up, according to the reality of social development, the evolution of China's employment policy has undergone three stages. Between 1978 and 1992, with the continuous deepening of reform and opening up, China broke through the original employment policy of "unified package distribution".The main implementation of the "three-combination" employment policy under the guidance of multiple employment policy.On the one hand, China proposes to establish a labor contract system, at the same time reform the system of recruitment and employment, and adopt a variety of incentives to support the development of a variety of economic forms, to achieve the purpose of widening employment channels; on the other hand,It has broken down the restrictions on the migration of rural labor to cities, increased its support to township enterprises, and achieved the goal of tapping the rural employment potential.Our country mainly adopts the employment policy of "employment marketization" and "implementing re-employment project".It includes not only the "re-employment project" for laid-off and unemployed persons, but also the market-oriented employment policy initially established to adapt to the changes in the economic system, as well as the further relaxation of restrictions on the flow of rural labor.From 2002 to now, China has implemented an active employment policy with Chinese characteristics which integrates "employment promotion, employment support, social security and employment service".These policies include the employment promotion policy of supporting economic development and encouraging all people to start a business; supporting key people and implementing the support and security policy of "three social security lines"; constructing the employment information network and perfecting the service policies of employment service institutions.The evolution of our country's employment policy is the result of the comprehensive action of many factors.The deepening of the understanding of Marxist employment theory is the theoretical basis of the evolution of employment policy, the sublimation of the ruling concept of the Communist Party of China is the political factor of its evolution, and the profound reform of the economic system is the economic root of its evolution.The transformation of employment consciousness is the ideological root of its evolution, while the differentiation of social stratum and the development of social division of labor are the social roots of its evolution.Reviewing the development course of employment policy since reform and opening up in China, and summarizing the experience and lessons in its formulation and implementation, we should further grasp the following problems in the future: "people-oriented, overall consideration" is the purpose of employment policy formulation;Scientific development of economy, reasonable adjustment of industrial structure is the basis of employment policy formulation; establishing employment warning and evaluation system is the premise of employment policy formulation; perfecting laws and regulations, improving employment refinement is the guarantee of employment policy implementation;The goal of implementing employment policy is to create a healthy employment market in coordination with the whole society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：渤海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F249.2

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本文編號：1720101