【摘要】：中國(guó)古代在遼、金、元時(shí)期就有了以會(huì)同館命名的機(jī)構(gòu)�！度障屡f聞考》引《石湖集》記載：“會(huì)同館,燕山客館也,遼已有之�！雹俳鸪瘯r(shí)在現(xiàn)在的北京市也建有會(huì)同館,西夏的使節(jié)到達(dá)金朝以后,都居住在會(huì)同館內(nèi)。明朝沿襲以前朝代的相關(guān)制度,在京師也設(shè)有大型驛館,是明朝中央政府“專以止宿各處夷使及王府公差、內(nèi)外官員”②的接待機(jī)構(gòu)。它的主要功能是接待各國(guó)朝貢使節(jié),各國(guó)朝貢使節(jié)前來朝貢,都居住在會(huì)同館內(nèi)。它不僅是各國(guó)使節(jié)在京居住的場(chǎng)所,還是周邊地區(qū)了解明朝禮儀文化及學(xué)習(xí)明朝先進(jìn)技術(shù)的地方。它的建置,和明朝的對(duì)外政策息息相關(guān)。明朝初期是會(huì)同館發(fā)展最為鼎盛的時(shí)期,它促進(jìn)了明朝與周邊各國(guó)的交往,并有利于明朝政權(quán)的穩(wěn)定,但到了明朝中后期,由于明朝對(duì)外政策的收縮以及朝廷的衰落,會(huì)同館門前已經(jīng)是門庭羅雀,來往的朝貢使節(jié)寥寥無幾。明朝會(huì)同館的發(fā)展與衰落,可以說是明朝對(duì)外政策的具體體現(xiàn),會(huì)同館內(nèi)舉行的一切活動(dòng)都貫穿于明朝的對(duì)外政策,也為朝貢使節(jié)了解華夏禮儀文化創(chuàng)造了空間。 論文以明朝會(huì)同館為主要研究?jī)?nèi)容,全文分為四個(gè)部分來闡述明代會(huì)同館設(shè)立背景及其職能,館內(nèi)主要管理人員及其職掌,主要居住人員和對(duì)他們的管理,明朝外交政策對(duì)會(huì)同館的影響,進(jìn)而探討明代會(huì)同館對(duì)朝貢貿(mào)易的影響,總結(jié)其經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),對(duì)當(dāng)今社會(huì)的借鑒作用。 本文分為四個(gè)章節(jié)： 第一章概述明代會(huì)同館以前相關(guān)館舍的設(shè)置情況,進(jìn)而分析明代會(huì)同館設(shè)置的背景。對(duì)于會(huì)同館的設(shè)置背景,主要是從明初對(duì)外“懷柔遠(yuǎn)人”政策的制定以及達(dá)到了“萬國(guó)來朝”朝貢的目的進(jìn)行論述,其中對(duì)各朝貢國(guó)根據(jù)其與明朝的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了不同的歸類。對(duì)于負(fù)責(zé)接待他們的會(huì)同館的地理位置及其規(guī)模、隸屬、職能進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的論述。 第二章詳細(xì)介紹明代會(huì)同館的管理人員及其職能,凸顯出明朝會(huì)同館館內(nèi)設(shè)施的齊全,對(duì)會(huì)同館內(nèi)主要管理人員如提督會(huì)同館主事、會(huì)同館通事等進(jìn)行一一論述。最后在進(jìn)一步探究會(huì)同館主要居住人員以及會(huì)同館的管理制度。 第三章闡述明朝對(duì)外政策對(duì)會(huì)同館的影響。這里以明朝前期、中后期對(duì)外不同政策的制定為大的背景,概括說明明朝對(duì)外政策的內(nèi)容與特點(diǎn),分析出明朝對(duì)外政策對(duì)會(huì)同館的影響,以及它最后衰落的原因。 第四章以史為鑒,評(píng)價(jià)會(huì)同館設(shè)置的意義和局限性。第一,明代會(huì)同館設(shè)置的意義,它促進(jìn)了明朝與周邊各國(guó)的交往,有利于明朝政權(quán)的穩(wěn)定與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,它還有助于增進(jìn)周邊地區(qū)對(duì)明朝禮儀文化的了解等。第二,明朝會(huì)同館設(shè)置的局限性,它由于受當(dāng)時(shí)明朝對(duì)外政策的影響,職能沒有得到充分的發(fā)揮。特別是在會(huì)同館進(jìn)行的朝貢貿(mào)易違背等價(jià)交換原則,對(duì)明朝的經(jīng)濟(jì)造成了嚴(yán)重的影響,不利于明朝經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。第三,對(duì)當(dāng)代中國(guó)的借鑒意義,這里主要是對(duì)中國(guó)外交上的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:In ancient China, in the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there was an institution named after the same hall in the Yuan Dynasty. "The old news test of the day below" recorded the collection of the Stone Lake: "together with the museum, the Yanshan guest house and the Liao Dynasty." (1) the Jin Dynasty also built the same hall in the present Beijing city. After the arrival of the Jin Dynasty, the diplomatic envoys of the Xixia Dynasty lived in the association with the museum. The Ming Dynasty followed the previous dynasties. The central government of the Ming Dynasty also has a large post office. It is the reception institution of the central government of the Ming Dynasty, which is "specially made by all places and the royal family, and the internal and external officials". Its main function is to receive the tribute envoys of all countries, and the tribute envoys of all countries come to pay tribute to them. It is not only the place where the national envoys live in Beijing, but also the surrounding areas. To understand the Ming Dynasty etiquette culture and the learning of the Ming Dynasty advanced technology, its establishment was closely related to the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty. It was the most prosperous period of the Ming Dynasty in the early Ming Dynasty. It promoted the communication between the Ming Dynasty and the surrounding countries, and was conducive to the stability of the Ming Dynasty, but in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, due to the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty The decline of the court and the decline of the court had been the door courtyard in front of the hall, and few of the tribute envoys come and go. The development and decline of the Ming Dynasty hall can be said to be the concrete embodiment of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, and all the activities held in the museum run through the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, as well as the creation of the Chinese etiquette culture for the tribute envoy. Room.
In this paper, the main research content of the Ming Dynasty hall is divided into four parts, which are divided into four parts: the background and functions of the establishment of the hall of the Ming Dynasty, the main administrators and their duties in the library, the main residents and their management, the influence of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty on the hall and the hall, and then to discuss the influence of the Ming Dynasty's Hall on the tribute trade. Experience and lessons are used for reference to today's society.
This article is divided into four chapters:
The first chapter outlines the setting of the related premises before the Ming Dynasty, and then analyzes the background of the setting up of the Hui Tong Hall in the Ming Dynasty. The setting of the meeting hall is mainly from the formulation of the policy of "far man in Huairou" and the purpose of the tribute to the "the millions of countries" in the early Ming Dynasty. The relationship has been classified in different ways. The geographical location and scale, affiliation and functions of the same hall responsible for receiving them are discussed in detail.
The second chapter introduces the managers and their functions in the Ming Dynasty hall in detail, and highlights the complete facilities in the Ming Dynasty, and discusses the main management personnel in the library, such as the governor, the main affairs of the hall and the hall, and the connection with the museum. Finally, it further explores the management system of the main resident and the meeting hall.
The third chapter expounds the influence of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty on the hall of the union. This is a big background to the formulation of foreign policy in the early Ming Dynasty, in the middle and late period, the contents and characteristics of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, the influence of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty on the hall and the reasons for its final decline.
The fourth chapter, taking history as a mirror, evaluated the significance and limitations of the establishment of the pavilion. First, the significance of the establishment of the pavilion in the Ming Dynasty promoted the communication between the Ming Dynasty and the surrounding countries, was conducive to the stability and economic development of the Ming Dynasty, and it also helped to improve the understanding of the etiquette and culture of the Ming Dynasty. Second, the limitations of the meeting with the Ming Dynasty. Because of the influence of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty, the function of the Ming Dynasty was not fully played. Especially, the tribute trade in the same hall was contrary to the principle of equivalent exchange, which had a serious influence on the economy of the Ming Dynasty and was not conducive to the economic development of the Ming Dynasty. Third, the reference to contemporary China was mainly the borrowing of China's diplomacy. Make sense.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F719;K248

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