本文選題：情勢變更 + 商業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)��； 參考：《四川省社會科學(xué)院》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：情勢變更原則是現(xiàn)代民法中的重要制度，情勢變更原則的適用，體現(xiàn)了法律的公平正義精神，是合同當(dāng)事人在特定情況下所享有的重要的法律救濟(jì)手段。最高人民法院出臺的《關(guān)于適用中華人民共和國合同法若干問題的解釋(二)》中，第26條規(guī)定：“合同成立以后客觀情況發(fā)生了當(dāng)事人在訂立合同時(shí)無法預(yù)見的、非不可抗力造成的不屬于商業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的重大變化，，繼續(xù)履行合同對于一方當(dāng)事人明顯不公平或者不能實(shí)現(xiàn)合同目的，當(dāng)事人請求人民法院變更或者解除合同的，人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)公平原則，并結(jié)合案件的實(shí)際情況確定是否變更或者解除。”該條雖然確立了情勢變更原則，但并未對其規(guī)定明確的適用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，導(dǎo)致情勢變更原則在我國司法實(shí)踐的適用中操作困難，其缺失的適用要件導(dǎo)致了適用該原則的彈性空間增大，法官的自由裁量權(quán)容易受到濫用。 近年來，需要適用情勢變更原則的案件量井噴，尤其自2009年開始，國務(wù)院出臺了一系列規(guī)定以調(diào)控我國房地產(chǎn)市場，因此，情勢變更原則在商品房預(yù)售合同中的適用案例如雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn)。 本文以新政策出臺所引起的商品房預(yù)售合同糾紛的涌現(xiàn)為背景，提出了我國商品房預(yù)售合同中適用情勢變更原則所遭受的困境和我國對情勢變更原則作出規(guī)定的法律法規(guī)的不完善之處，通過比較分析，以期為情勢變更的立法完善提出些許建議。本文第一章闡述了情勢變更原則的理論基礎(chǔ)，論述了情勢變更原則的概念以及構(gòu)成要件；第二章闡述了情勢變更原則的起源與發(fā)展，并分析了其在域內(nèi)域外的立法現(xiàn)狀，尤其分析了我國當(dāng)前的立法現(xiàn)狀，為發(fā)現(xiàn)我國立法不完善之處進(jìn)行鋪墊；第三章介紹了商品房預(yù)售合同的概念、特征等，論述了情勢變更與不可抗力、商業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、顯示公平的認(rèn)定與區(qū)別，并且分析了情勢變更原則適用的法律效果；第四章詳細(xì)分析了我國當(dāng)前有關(guān)情勢變更原則立法和司法的現(xiàn)狀以及所遭受的困境，然后根據(jù)其不完善之處提出引入當(dāng)事人的再交涉義務(wù)、規(guī)定當(dāng)事人合同變更權(quán)與解除權(quán)的適用層次、清晰情勢變更原則適用范圍、限制法官自由裁量權(quán)等相關(guān)的完善建議。
[Abstract]:The principle of change of circumstances is an important system in modern civil law. The application of the principle of change of circumstances reflects the spirit of fairness and justice of law and is an important means of legal relief enjoyed by the parties to a contract under certain circumstances. In the interpretation of certain issues concerning the Application of the contract Law of the people's Republic of China issued by the Supreme people's Court (2), Article 26 states: "after the establishment of the contract, the objective circumstances of the parties are unforeseeable when they conclude the contract," If a major change that is not a commercial risk caused by force majeure continues to be performed to a party who is manifestly unfair to one party or who fails to achieve the purpose of the contract, if the party requests the people's court to change or rescind the contract, The people's court shall, in accordance with the principle of fairness and in the light of the actual circumstances of the case, determine whether to alter or terminate the case. " Although the principle of change of circumstances is established in this article, it does not provide a clear standard of application, which leads to the difficulty of the application of the principle of change of circumstances in judicial practice in our country, and the lack of applicable elements leads to the increase of flexibility in the application of the principle. The judge's discretion is vulnerable to abuse. In recent years, the number of cases that need to be applied to the principle of situation change has been blowout. Especially since 2009, the State Council has issued a series of regulations to regulate the real estate market in China. The principle of change of circumstances in the commercial housing pre-sale contract applicable cases sprang up like bamboo shoots. The background of this paper is the emergence of disputes over the pre-sale contract of commercial housing caused by the new policy. This paper puts forward the difficulties encountered by the application of the principle of change of circumstances in the pre-sale contract of commercial housing in our country and the imperfections of laws and regulations concerning the principle of change of circumstances in our country, and through comparative analysis, In order to improve the legislative changes of circumstances to put forward some suggestions. The first chapter expounds the theoretical basis of the principle of change of circumstances, discusses the concept of the principle of change of circumstances and its constituent elements, the second chapter expounds the origin and development of the principle of change of circumstances, and analyzes the present situation of legislation outside the territory. The third chapter introduces the concept and characteristics of the pre-sale contract of commercial housing, discusses the situation change, force majeure, commercial risk, etc. It also analyzes the legal effect of the application of the principle of change of circumstances. The fourth chapter analyzes in detail the current situation of legislation and judicature of the principle of change of circumstances in China and the difficulties encountered by it. Then according to its imperfections, the author puts forward some relevant suggestions, such as introducing the parties' renegotiation obligations, defining the applicable levels of the parties' right to change the contract and the right of rescission, clarifying the scope of application of the principle of change of circumstances, limiting the discretion of the judge, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川省社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923.6

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