本文選題：近代中國　切入點：通貨膨脹　出處：《社會科學》2017年09期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：通貨膨脹不僅具有社會財富再分配的功能,對于經(jīng)營貨幣資產(chǎn)的銀行也有資源再配置的作用。1937—1949年通貨膨脹,不僅使中國的存款日益向國家銀行集中;更使一流商業(yè)銀行的存放款能力大幅度萎縮,如果以黃金來衡量,存款實值降至不足戰(zhàn)前2%甚至1%以下;放款能力更低于1%;存款日益活性化,資金運用捉襟見肘,金融中介、配置資源功能盡失,商業(yè)銀行淪為"工商業(yè)的總賬房"。為了使銀行資產(chǎn)不被通貨膨脹所無情吞噬,很多商業(yè)銀行被迫轉向保值經(jīng)營,抗戰(zhàn)時期保值經(jīng)營的主要方式是買賣外匯、投資房地產(chǎn)和創(chuàng)辦附屬企業(yè);戰(zhàn)后保值經(jīng)營范圍更廣,既有一定時期政策允許的黃金、外匯、股票、外國債券等買賣,也有打政策擦邊球的各類投資兼投機活動。12年通貨膨脹,使商業(yè)銀行對中國近代金融、經(jīng)濟的影響力日趨式微,最后至無足輕重的地步,這是時代之不幸,也是中國金融業(yè)之悲哀!
[Abstract]:Inflation not only has the function of redistribution of social wealth, but also has the function of redistributing resources to the banks operating monetary assets. Inflation from 1937 to 1949 not only makes the deposits of China become more and more concentrated in the national bank; Moreover, the ability of the first-class commercial banks to deposit funds shrank by a large margin. If measured by gold, the real value of deposits fell below 2% or even below 1% before the war; the lending capacity was even less than 1; deposits became increasingly active, the use of funds was stretched, and financial intermediation. The allocation of resources has lost its function, and commercial banks have been reduced to "general ledger houses for industry and commerce." in order not to be ruthlessly swallowed up by inflation, many commercial banks were forced to turn to hedging operations. During the War of Resistance against Japan, the main way to maintain value was to buy and sell foreign exchange. Investment in real estate and establishment of affiliated enterprises; after the war, the scope of hedging operations was even wider, ranging from gold, foreign exchange, stocks, foreign bonds and other transactions permitted by policy for a certain period of time, to various types of investment and speculative activities with a policy of brushing the edge. 12 years of inflation, The influence of commercial banks on China's modern finance and economy is declining, and it is the misfortune of the times and the sadness of the Chinese financial industry.
【作者單位】： 上海社會科學院經(jīng)濟研究所;
【分類號】：F822.9;F832.9;K26

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