本文關(guān)鍵詞： 典當法律關(guān)系 社會功能 立法建議　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：典當起源于我國，據(jù)史料記載，最早的典當行為出現(xiàn)于殷商時期。但是典當業(yè)起源于何時，學(xué)界還有一定爭論，目前較為通行的觀點認為典當業(yè)起源于南北朝時期的僧寺。自此以后，典當業(yè)在我國發(fā)展迅速，并在歷史上一度占據(jù)著重要地位，為民眾特別是貧民應(yīng)急救難、融通資金發(fā)揮了重要作用，，但是也應(yīng)看到典當行在中國歷史上高利盤剝的一面，給民眾乃至于今日的人民群眾仍然留下了不好的印象。當前我國典當業(yè)的發(fā)展態(tài)勢不錯，典當行的行業(yè)規(guī)模也在擴大，國務(wù)院法制辦公布的《典當行管理條例（征求意見稿）》也鼓勵有條件的典當行爭取上市，典當行的服務(wù)對象由主要面向民眾轉(zhuǎn)向中小企業(yè)。典當行為解決中小企業(yè)融資難問題、促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展發(fā)揮了重要的作用，但是我國目前典當法律制度仍不完善，諸如典當立法也主要是一部《典當管理辦法》，且該辦法法律層次低，與上位法《擔(dān)保法》、《物權(quán)法》都存在沖突，法律風(fēng)險很大，與此同時典當行的經(jīng)營范圍也廣受爭議，主要的爭點是房地產(chǎn)抵押典當業(yè)務(wù)的存廢�？偠灾洚�?shù)姆芍贫群头梢?guī)范已經(jīng)難以適應(yīng)突飛猛進發(fā)展的典當業(yè)，如何有效的發(fā)揮典當行為中小企業(yè)融資和促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的作用，防范典當行法律風(fēng)險和規(guī)制其違法違規(guī)行為值得研究。本文試圖對此加以探討，以期為我國典當業(yè)的繁榮健康發(fā)展略盡綿力。 本文按照典當基礎(chǔ)理論概述、典當法律關(guān)系、典當法律制度存在的問題與完善到最后的典當立法建議的邏輯順序展開。 第一部分，簡要論述典當基礎(chǔ)理論問題。首先，本部分簡要梳理了我國典當業(yè)發(fā)展的歷史，然后對典當?shù)母拍钸M行了界定，筆者認為典當指典當行與當戶之間所發(fā)生的，當戶將其具有所有權(quán)或者處分權(quán)的動產(chǎn)或者財產(chǎn)性權(quán)利質(zhì)押給典當行，或者將其具有所有權(quán)或者處分權(quán)的不動產(chǎn)抵押給典當行，典當行開具當票、支付當金給當戶、收取一定的當金利息和綜合管理費用并賦予當戶以回贖權(quán)的民事行為。接著從經(jīng)濟角度和法律角度闡釋典當?shù)奶卣�。典當�(shù)慕?jīng)濟特征主要有短期性與高利性、便捷性和安全性。典當?shù)姆商卣饔兄黧w上的特許性、物權(quán)和債權(quán)的雙重性及獨立性和適用流質(zhì)契約。最后闡釋了典當?shù)纳鐣δ�，典當主要由資金融通、當物保管、鑒定評估、商品銷售四大功能。筆者以為，典當行所具有的當物保管、鑒定評估功能可以使典當行擴大經(jīng)營業(yè)務(wù)、拓寬收入來源。 第二部分，著重論述了典當法律關(guān)系。本部分首先界定了典當法律關(guān)系的含義，然后分析了典當?shù)姆申P(guān)系的性質(zhì)，指出其具有擔(dān)保物權(quán)和債權(quán)雙重性的性質(zhì)，接下來通過與典權(quán)、抵押、質(zhì)押的辨析使典當?shù)男再|(zhì)更加清晰。再接下來闡釋了典當法律關(guān)系的構(gòu)成，包括主體、客體和內(nèi)容，重點對客體中的當物作了探討。最后對典當法律關(guān)系的產(chǎn)生、變更與消滅作了簡要的敘述，筆者認為應(yīng)當將我國典當營業(yè)習(xí)慣中的“找貼”“付貼”“抽當”“頂當”等規(guī)則在立法中加以確認。 第三部分，分析了我國典當法律制度存在的問題并提出了相應(yīng)的制度完善。該部分分兩節(jié)，第一節(jié)簡要梳理了新中國成立以來我國關(guān)于典當行業(yè)立法的歷史進程，第二節(jié)分析了我國典當法律制度當前存在的突出問題以及不足，并提出了完善建議。 第四部分，總結(jié)全文，筆者提出典當立法的邏輯。
[Abstract]:The pawn originated in China, according to historical records, the pawn behavior appeared in the Shang Dynasty. But when the origin of pawn industry, academia has some controversy, the commonly accepted view that pawn industry originated in the northern and Southern Dynasties monk temple. Since then, the pawn industry is developing rapidly in China, and in history once occupied an important position for the people, especially the poor emergency rescue, financing plays an important role, but should also see a pawn in the history of China Gregory exploitation, to the public even today people are still left a bad impression. The current development trend of our country's pawn industry. The pawn industry scale is expanding and the Legal Affairs Office of the State Council announced the "pawn Management Ordinance (Draft)" also encourage qualified pawn pawn for listing service object shift from mainly for people Small and medium-sized enterprises. The pawn behavior to solve SME financing problems, play an important role in promoting economic development, but China's current pawn legal system is still not perfect, such as pawn legislation is mainly a "pawn management approach", and the way the legal level is low, and the method of "Guarantee Law", "property law on the conflict of legal risk, at the same time, the pawn business scope also controversial, the main point of contention is the pawn business of real estate mortgage abolition. In short, the legal system and legal norms has been difficult to adapt to the rapid development of the pawn industry, how to effectively play the pawn behavior of small and medium-sized enterprises financing and to promote the economic development, prevent and control the legal risks of pawn illegal behavior is worth studying. This paper attempts to discuss, in order for our prosperity and healthy development of the pawn industry as far as cotton Power.
According to the basic theory of pawn, this paper summarizes the legal relationship of pawn, the existing problems of pawn legal system and the logical sequence to improve the final pawn legislation.
The first part briefly discusses the basic theory of pawn. Firstly, this part briefly reviews the development of pawn industry in China's history, and then defines the concept of the pawn, the pawn refers to between the hock and a pawner, as it has the ownership or the right to dispose of the property or property rights pledge to pawn, or will have the ownership or right of disposal of real estate mortgaged to the pawn, the pawn ticket issued, gold to pay when pawner, charge a management fee when gold and overall interest and give pawner to civil right of redemption. Then explain the pawn from the angle of economy and legal point of economic characteristics. The main characteristics of pawn short-term and Gregory, convenience and safety. The legal characteristics of pawn licensing body, real rights and creditor's rights of dualism and independence and apply the fluidity contract. Finally, it explains the social functions of pawns. Pawn is mainly composed of four main functions: financing, appraisal, sale and so on. I believe that pawnshop's property preservation and appraisal function can enable pawnshops to expand business and broaden the source of income.
The second part focuses on the pawn legal relationship. This part first defines the meaning of pawning legal relation, and then analyzes the legal nature of pawn, pointed out that it has secured real rights and creditor's rights of the duality of nature, and then through the pawning right, mortgage, pledge of property to pawn more clearly. Then explain the a pawn legal relationship includes subject, object and content, mainly discusses the object when the matter. At the end of the pawn legal relationship, change and eradication is briefly described. The author thinks that when the pawn in China business habits in the "find" paste "pay" paste "when pumping" when the "top" rules in the legislation to be confirmed.
The third part, analysis of China's existing legal system of pawn problems and puts forward the corresponding system. This part is divided into two sections, the first section briefly reviews the historical process of China's legislation on pawn industry since the new Chinese was established, the second section analyzes the problems of China's current legal system of pawn and shortcomings, and put forward the suggestions for improvement.
The fourth part, summarizing the full text, I put forward the logic of pawnpawn legislation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D923

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