本文關(guān)鍵詞：瑞典和中國(guó)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的比較研究　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 人口老齡化 居家養(yǎng)老 居家改造 居家照顧 集中住宅

【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)80年代,人口老齡化日益成為困擾多個(gè)國(guó)家社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重大問(wèn)題。一個(gè)是歐盟國(guó)家中老齡化程度最高的國(guó)家,一個(gè)是全球老齡人口最多的國(guó)家,瑞典和中國(guó)目前均面臨著龐大的養(yǎng)老壓力。而傳統(tǒng)的家庭、機(jī)構(gòu)養(yǎng)老等模式面臨著諸多弊端,已無(wú)法滿足本國(guó)的養(yǎng)老需求。筆者運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)法、觀察法和訪談法,對(duì)瑞典和中國(guó)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的政策、具體內(nèi)容和輸送過(guò)程等方面進(jìn)行了介紹和對(duì)比。作為"福利國(guó)家的櫥窗",瑞典長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)實(shí)行普遍性、全民性的高福利政策。自20世紀(jì)80年代開(kāi)始,在瑞典政府的倡導(dǎo)下,居家養(yǎng)老模式得以快速推行,并進(jìn)行了市場(chǎng)化改革。中國(guó)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)以家庭養(yǎng)老作為主要的養(yǎng)老模式,進(jìn)入二十一世紀(jì)以來(lái)中國(guó)政府大力扶持社區(qū)居家養(yǎng)老模式,目前多采取政府購(gòu)買服務(wù)的形式,由非政府組織或團(tuán)體通過(guò)項(xiàng)目競(jìng)標(biāo)的方式提供居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)。在居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的內(nèi)容方面,筆者重點(diǎn)選取了居家改造、居家照顧和集中住宅這三個(gè)方面作為切入點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了論述。居家改造以適老化為原則,主要包括套內(nèi)空間改造和公共區(qū)域改造兩方面,目前瑞典的居家改造已相對(duì)較為完善,中國(guó)尚處于探索和設(shè)計(jì)階段,并沒(méi)有得到推廣和普及。居家照顧分為日常生活照料和社區(qū)日間照料,目前瑞中兩國(guó)均有開(kāi)展。相較于瑞典居家照料的全面性和廣泛性,中國(guó)目前主要集中在入戶日常生活照料方面,許多社區(qū)或尚未建造日間照料中心,或存在設(shè)備閑置、資源浪費(fèi)等問(wèn)題,實(shí)際發(fā)揮的作用并不大。集中住宅的主要特點(diǎn)是居民全部由老年人組成。瑞典的老年人集中住宅由政府出資并負(fù)責(zé)建造,多建造在市區(qū),配備專業(yè)服務(wù)人員,老年人支付較少的租金便可入住,適合大多數(shù)老年人居住。中國(guó)的老年人集中住宅多由房地產(chǎn)商建造并出售,老年人通過(guò)購(gòu)房或租房的方式入住,多建造在郊區(qū),只有少數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件較好的老年人能入住。此外,筆者還從居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的申請(qǐng)、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督和評(píng)估等方面對(duì)瑞典和中國(guó)進(jìn)行了比較,并從完善居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)內(nèi)容、明確服務(wù)主體的責(zé)任、區(qū)分城鄉(xiāng)和地域差別和建設(shè)專業(yè)人才隊(duì)伍等方面對(duì)中國(guó)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系的完善提出了自己的建議。綜上所述,瑞典目前居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)發(fā)展已經(jīng)較為完善,從政府的政策支持,到服務(wù)的申請(qǐng)、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督和評(píng)估,再到各項(xiàng)配套服務(wù)設(shè)施已經(jīng)形成了一個(gè)較為完整的服務(wù)體系;而中國(guó)居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)發(fā)展時(shí)間尚短,體系不成熟,在發(fā)展過(guò)程中既要借鑒瑞典的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),又要結(jié)合本國(guó)實(shí)際,發(fā)展出一條適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的本土化居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, the aging population has become a major problem plagued the country's social and economic development. One is the highest degree of aging in the European Union countries, one is the world's most populous country in aging, Sweden and China are currently facing a huge pension pressure. While the traditional family pension mode, mechanism facing many problems, has been unable to meet the pension needs of the country. The author uses the literature method, observation method and interview method, in Sweden and China home-based care services policy, the specific content and delivery process are introduced and compared. As a "welfare state" window, Sweden has been universal, universal the high welfare policy. Since the beginning of 1980s, the Swedish government under the advocacy of home-based care and rapid implementation and market reform. Chinese family support for a long time to As the main mode of endowment, since twenty-first Century Chinese government support model of community home endowment vigorously, at present, to take the government to purchase services in the form of bidding by non governmental organizations or groups through the project to provide home-based care services. In the aspect of home-based care services content, the author selects the home improvement, home care and the residential buildings three aspects are discussed in this paper. As a starting point for home transformation with proper aging principle, including the internal space reconstruction and transformation of two public areas, is currently home renovation in Sweden has a relatively perfect, China is still in the exploration and design stage, and did not get the promotion and popularization of home care for daily life care and community day care at present, Switzerland and China have carried out. Compared to the Swedish home care comprehensive and extensive, China are mainly concentrated in the Home care of the daily life, many communities or has not yet built a day care center, or the existence of idle equipment, waste of resources and other issues, the actual role is not significant. The main features of the residence is composed of all the elderly residents. Swedish elderly residential buildings funded by the government and is responsible for building, built in the urban area, equipped with professional service personnel, the elderly pay less rent will be accommodated, suitable for the majority of elderly people living in the elderly. Chinese concentrated residential real estate business by building and selling, the elderly through the purchase or rental occupancy way, built in the suburbs, only a few elderly people with better economic conditions can stay. In addition, the author from the home-based care services for the implementation, supervision and evaluation and other aspects of the comparison of Sweden and Chinese, and from the improvement of home-based care services, clear the main responsibility for service Distinguish between urban and rural and regional differences, and the construction of professional personnel to improve the old-age service system Chinese at home and put forward their own proposals. In summary, Sweden has home-based care services has been more and more perfect, the policy support from the government to the service, application, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and then to the facilities and services has been formed a more complete service system; and China home-based care services development time is short, the system is not mature, successful experience in the development process should not only learn from Sweden, and combined with the actual national conditions, the development of a suitable Chinese situation of localization of home-based care services system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D669.6

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