本文關鍵詞：歐美國家休閑體育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及其對中國的啟示（英文）　出處：《成都體育學院學報》2017年04期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關文章： 世界休閑體育 歐美國家 健康促進 運動參與 體育產(chǎn)業(yè) 現(xiàn)狀 發(fā)展趨勢

【摘要】：(1)歐美國家休閑體育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。休閑體育引領健康世界。面對洶涌而來的世界性的現(xiàn)代健康危機,各國紛紛出臺國民健康的政策和辦法,通過開展調(diào)查研究為民眾的體育參與提供數(shù)據(jù)和支撐,還通過體育設施設備供給為社會大眾參與體育運動鍛煉創(chuàng)造條件。隨著經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展、個人擁有物質(zhì)財富和自由時間的增多,休閑體育作為一種促進人類健康的時代力量和新的生活方式、文化現(xiàn)象被社會大眾廣泛關注和接受。社會大眾逐漸崇尚生命價值的真實和品質(zhì);大眾積極休閑觀念的養(yǎng)成、對體驗型運動休閑方式青睞等也助推了休閑體育的發(fā)展。休閑健身的理念和實施成了推動休閑體育、進一步發(fā)展的關鍵一環(huán);同時我們還要把加快形成有利于健康的生活方式、生態(tài)環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展模式,實現(xiàn)健康與經(jīng)濟社會良性協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展作為基本準則。大眾化、多樣化和差異化是法國休閑體育發(fā)展主要趨勢。運動休閑在法國的普及程度較高,截至2010年,有89%14周歲以上的法國人至少參加一項休閑體育運動。休閑體育運動參與人數(shù)的增加,還拓展了休閑體育活動的內(nèi)容和類型。研究(LefèvreThierry,2010)表明:法國人不但可以同時參與多項體育運動,他們還對一些傳統(tǒng)的項目加以創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展;所以,法國人經(jīng)常參與的休閑體育運動項目有300余項。法國大眾的休閑體育運動參與還呈現(xiàn)出多樣化特點,參與者呈現(xiàn)出巨大的性別、年齡、職業(yè)、形式、規(guī)模等方面的差別;社會大眾參與休閑體育運動的目的也是多種多樣,除了競技和表演外,人們賦予休閑體育運動保持健康、愉悅身心、形體塑造等多重意義和價值。加拿大休閑體育發(fā)展主要趨勢。根據(jù)加拿大統(tǒng)計局(Statistics Canada)的數(shù)據(jù),2012年12歲及以上加拿大人口中,有53.9%(1 560萬)的人經(jīng)常運動。2001年-2012年間,加拿大經(jīng)常參與休閑體育運動活動的人數(shù)呈現(xiàn)出上升態(tài)勢,其中男性經(jīng)常參與體育鍛煉的比例高于女性。他們把體育參與分為3種類型:體育運動(Sport,有規(guī)則、有對手、競爭性)、體力活動(Physical Activity,需要一切的能量消耗及休閑體育鍛煉(Exercise,有計劃、有組織、重復性的旨在改善或維持身體健康)。調(diào)查表明:(1)最受加拿大男性歡迎的3項體育運動是冰球、高爾夫球和足球,最受加拿大女性歡迎的項目則是高爾夫、足球和游泳。(2)2010年以前步行或慢跑是加拿大人最常參與的休閑活動項目,是加拿大人最常用的休閑體育鍛煉項目。(3)由加拿大健身和生活方式研究所(Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute)完成的研究報告表明:2014年-2015年18歲及以上加拿大人經(jīng)常參加的體力活動的類型有:步行(84%)、園藝或庭院工作(74%)、在家鍛煉(65%)和游泳(58%)等。澳大利亞體育發(fā)展概況。澳大利亞一直被公認為是一個熱愛體育運動的國家。澳政府出臺了各種促進體育發(fā)展的政策以期增加參與體育運動人口數(shù)量、提升精英運動員成績、增進社會包容度、改善大眾心理健康、幫助老年人保持獨立并提升他們的生活質(zhì)量、推動社會變革。2015年澳大利亞人僅在體育館、健身房、休閑中心的體育和休閑活動花費就超過107億美元。澳大利亞90%以上的體育和體育娛樂從業(yè)人員都在私營部門就業(yè)。但令人擔憂的是:近年來久坐的成年人和兒童數(shù)量大幅增加,肥胖和其他與不運動相關的健康問題日益增多。澳大利亞統(tǒng)計局的數(shù)據(jù)(Australian Bureau of Statistics,2014)表明,參加體育運動和休閑體育娛樂活動的澳大利亞人數(shù)量有所減少,會員制體育和休閑俱樂部的會員人數(shù)有所下降。究其根源:社會變化、政治決定、經(jīng)濟條件和人口變化等相互作用導致體育志愿者工作時間減少。志愿者一直是澳大利亞非營利性社區(qū)體育和娛樂團體運營的關鍵因素,但受人口結(jié)構(gòu)的變化、就業(yè)模式和利益相關者的期望等因素影響,體育志愿者工作時間正在減少。隨著休閑方式變革、人口結(jié)構(gòu)變化、體育發(fā)展商業(yè)化和全球化對澳大利亞的休閑娛樂和體育運動發(fā)展的影響逐漸深入,體育發(fā)展既要積極變革以適應青少年休閑體育運動偏好,又要主動尋求非政府組織的資助,還要努力探索"商業(yè)化"背景下體育組織的運營模式。氣候變化對休閑體育高爾夫旅游的影響。據(jù)估計,全世界有34 011個高爾夫球場;全球高爾夫旅游市場每年的產(chǎn)值超過200億美元,許多國家已將高爾夫作為重要的旅游產(chǎn)品來開發(fā)。加勒比海地區(qū)的高爾夫球場數(shù)量較少,占全球高爾夫球場總數(shù)的不到1%(121個,截至2014年);球場運營的模式有4種:單獨運營的球場、與酒店共同運營、與住宅房地產(chǎn)和/或酒店合作運營、只與主要的住宅房地產(chǎn)合作運營。加勒比地區(qū)的高爾夫市場曾主要依賴美國和加拿大的游客。然而,比起打高爾夫(14%),北美的游客現(xiàn)在更喜歡釣魚(30%)、賞鳥(15%)、在沙灘上漫步(77%)或放松休憩(71%)。高爾夫球場經(jīng)營和高爾夫球旅游發(fā)展與氣候密切相關。一方面,全球氣候變化也延長了全球北部地區(qū)的高爾夫球季。另一方面,高爾夫球場項目建設也可能會因砍伐樹木、植被和紅樹林等導致氣候變化;投入運營的高爾夫球場會通過增加溫室氣體排放及其對淡水的大量需求等形式影響氣候變化。所以,高爾夫球場建設與運營應更加注重對環(huán)境的保護。除了研究草坪管理、培育草種外,我們更應該關注高爾夫球場如何適應氣候變化的客觀現(xiàn)實。加勒比和其他地區(qū)的新高爾夫球場建設除了必須符合國際公認項目標準,還要積極探索冷卻大氣、防止侵蝕、給地下水補給和應對氣候變化的最佳做法。(2)歐美國家休閑體育發(fā)展對中國的啟示。觀念的轉(zhuǎn)變,讓理念主導休閑體育發(fā)展方式變遷。體育及休閑體育既是提高人民健康水平,又是推動體育消費結(jié)構(gòu)升級和體育產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的重要力量。另外,社會大眾對體育及休閑的認識是推進休閑體育及體育發(fā)展方式大變革關鍵:休閑體育發(fā)展既需要社會大眾重視,又需要全社會積極參與。方式的創(chuàng)新,讓社會和市場成為推動休閑體育發(fā)展的核心力量。一方面發(fā)揮協(xié)會、高校、俱樂部、企業(yè)等在提供和生產(chǎn)多元化休閑體育產(chǎn)品及服務方面的職能和職責,以緩解當前休閑體育產(chǎn)品和服務供給總體不足與需求不斷增長之間的矛盾。另一方面,發(fā)揮市場機制配置休閑體育資源的決定性作用,讓市場邏輯和效率邏輯主導休閑體育的發(fā)展。文化培育,讓濃厚的文化氛圍為休閑體育發(fā)展提供滋養(yǎng)。政府部門主導休閑體育設施設備供給和制度供給,為休閑體育發(fā)展提供物質(zhì)和制度文化層面的保障和支持;加強宣傳和引導,推動休閑體育產(chǎn)品和服務供給者、各類參與者的休閑體育文化自覺,并落實到休閑體育發(fā)展、休閑體育參與和休閑體育消費的實踐中。
[Abstract]:(1) the status of leisure sports development in Europe and the United States. Leisure sports to lead a healthy world. Facing the coming of the modern world health crisis, countries have introduced national health policies and measures, through the investigation and provide data support for people's participation in sports, the sports facilities and equipment supply for the public to participate in sports exercise and create conditions. With the development of economy and society, people have more material wealth and free time, leisure sports as a way to promote human health era power and a new way of life, cultural phenomenon has been widespread public attention and acceptance. The public gradually advocating life of the true value and quality; develop the public actively leisure concept. To experience leisure movement favored also boost the development of leisure sports. The concept and implementation of leisure and fitness to promote leisure sports, in A key step of development; at the same time we have to speed up the formation of a healthy lifestyle, ecological environment and economic and social development, to achieve healthy economic and social harmonious development as the basic criterion. The popularization, diversification and differentiation is the main trend in the development of leisure sports in France. The popularity of leisure sport in France high, as of 2010, 89%14 years of age to participate in at least one French leisure sports leisure sports participation. To increase the number of content and type of extended leisure sports research. (Lef vreThierry, 2010) showed that not only the French can also participate in many sports, they also be on innovation and development some of the traditional project; therefore, leisure sports French regularly participate in leisure sports. There are more than 300 French public participation is also showing diversity The characteristics of participants, showing a huge gender, age, occupation, form, scale and other aspects of the difference; leisure sports public participation purpose is various, in addition to athletics and performance, to give people leisure sports to keep healthy, pleasurable, meaning and value of multiple body shaping. The main trends in the development of leisure sports Canada. According to Statistics Canada (Statistics Canada) data, in 2012 at the age of 12 and above the Canadian population, 53.9% (15 million 600 thousand) regular exercise.2001 years -2012 years, Canada has often participate in leisure sports activities showed a rising trend, in which men often participate in physical exercise is higher than the proportion of women. They have sports participation is divided into 3 types: sports (Sport, there are rules, competitive rivals, physical activity (Physical), Activity, need all the energy consumption and Hugh Leisure physical exercise (Exercise, planned, organized, repetitive to improve or maintain health). Survey showed that: (1) 3 sports most popular Canadian men's hockey, golf and football, the most popular Canadian women welcome items are golf, soccer and swimming. (2 walking or jogging before 2010) is a Canadian most often participate in leisure activities, is the most commonly used Canadian leisure sports exercise program. (3) by the Canadian fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute (Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute) of the completed report indicates: Canadian -2015 18 years old and above 2014 often take part in physical activities include: walking (84%), gardening or yard work (74%), exercise at home (65%) and swimming (58%). Introduction of Australian sports development. Australia has been recognized as a love sports Movement of the country. The Australian government introduced a variety of policies to promote the development of sports in order to increase participation in sports population, promote elite athletes, enhance social tolerance, improve mental health, help seniors maintain independence and improve their quality of life, promote social change.2015 Australians only in the gym, gym, recreation center the sports and leisure activities to spend more than $10 billion 700 million. More than 90% of Australia's sports and sports entertainment practitioners have jobs in the private sector. But the concern is: the number of sedentary adults and children have increased sharply in recent years, obesity and other health problems associated with movements are increasing. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014) showed that the number of Australia to participate in sports and leisure sports and entertainment activities have reduced the amount of Less number of sports and leisure club membership membership declined. The reason is: social change, political, economic conditions and demographic changes resulting from the interaction of time sports volunteer work is reduced. Volunteers have been Australia non-profit community sports entertainment group and the key factors of operation, but due to the change of population structure, employment effect model and stakeholder expectations and other factors, sports volunteer work time is reduced. With the transformation of the mode of leisure, the change of population structure, affecting the development of sports development and commercialization of globalization on Leah Australia leisure entertainment and sports gradually, sports development should actively change to adapt to the youth sports and leisure preferences, but also take the initiative for non government funded organization, but also to explore the "sports commercial organization" under the background of climate change on the mode of operation. Influence of leisure sports golf tourism. It is estimated that there are 34011 golf courses in the world; the global golf tourism market annual output value of more than $20 billion, many countries have golf as an important tourism product development. The number of small golf course in the Caribbean, accounted for less than 1% of the total global Golf Course (121. As of 2014); the operation of the court there are 4 modes: single operation of the stadium, and hotel operators, and residential real estate and / or hotel operations, and only the main residential real estate operations. The Caribbean region has golf market mainly rely on the United States and Canada tourists. However, rather than playing golf (14%), North American tourists now more love fishing (30%), birds (15%), walking on the beach (77%) or relax (71%). The operation of golf course and golf tourism development and climate. Closely related to global climate change. On the one hand, also extended the northern regions of the world golf season. On the other hand, the golf course construction projects may be due to the felling of trees, vegetation and mangrove as a result of climate change; the golf course will be put into operation by increasing greenhouse gas emissions and the fresh water requirement form the impact of climate change so, the golf course construction and operation should pay more attention to the protection of the environment. In addition to the study of turf management, cultivation of grass, we should pay more attention to the golf course to adapt to climate change in the objective reality. The Caribbean and other parts of the new golf course construction must conform to the internationally recognized standard project, but also actively explore the cooling air, prevent to the best practices of erosion, groundwater recharge and climate change. (2) the state of Europe and the Enlightenment of the development of leisure sports China. The change of concept, so the concept of change leading the development of leisure sports. Sports and leisure sports is to improve people's health level, and is an important force to promote the upgrading of the structure of sports consumption and sports industry development. In addition, public awareness of sports and leisure and leisure sports is to promote sports development mode transformation: the key of leisure sports development the public needs attention, and requires the active participation of the whole society. The way of innovation, let the society and the market has become the core power to promote the development of leisure sports. On the one hand play association, universities, clubs, functions and responsibilities of enterprises in production and provide diversified leisure sports products and services, to alleviate the contradiction between the increasing the overall lack of leisure sports demand and supply of products and services. On the other hand, play a decisive role in the market mechanism in the allocation of leisure sports resources, let The development of the market logic and efficiency dominant logic of leisure sports. Culture, make a strong cultural atmosphere to provide nourishment for the development of leisure sports. The government leading leisure sports facilities and equipment supply and supply system, provide material and institutional culture guarantee and support for the development of leisure sports; strengthen the publicity and guidance, to promote leisure sports products and the service provider, the leisure sports culture consciousness of all participants, and the implementation of the development of leisure sports, leisure sports participation and practice of leisure sports consumption.

【作者單位】： 首都體育學院;里昂大學;偉斯頓大學;悉尼科技大學;北德州大學;成都體育學院經(jīng)管系;
【分類號】：G811.4
【正文快照】： Leisure Sports lead the Healthy World Abstract:This study is positioned within the leisure sports context to reveal the history and current situation about development of leisure sports.Leisure sports or sport participation was regarded as a useful way

【相似文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 張揚;;論中國休閑體育發(fā)展演變的時代特點[J];邵陽學院學報(自然科學版);2005年04期

2 劉娜;我國休閑體育發(fā)展問題研究[J];太原師范學院學報(自然科學版);2005年01期

3 歐陽萍;;我國休閑體育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與對策[J];體育世界;2006年01期

4 周帆;;我國文化傳統(tǒng)對休閑體育發(fā)展的影響[J];科技信息;2008年29期

5 劉輝;;影響山東省高校休閑體育發(fā)展的因素研究[J];科技信息;2012年28期

6 范曉燕,劉震宇;休閑體育發(fā)展初探[J];解放軍體育學院學報;2001年04期

7 王文偉;關于我國休閑體育發(fā)展初探[J];松遼學刊(自然科學版);2002年01期

8 秦華奇,郝明;當代中國休閑體育發(fā)展的探析[J];周口師范學院學報;2005年02期

9 許宗祥;中國小康社會休閑體育發(fā)展的構(gòu)想[J];廣州體育學院學報;2005年01期

10 唐國勇;歐舟;;中國休閑體育發(fā)展演變的時代特點[J];體育成人教育學刊;2006年01期

相關會議論文 前3條

1 歐陽萍;;論我國現(xiàn)階段休閑體育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與對策[A];第十四屆全國高校田徑科研論文報告會論文專輯[C];2004年

2 李謙;鄭森;克然木·熱和木土力;;新疆休閑體育發(fā)展研究[A];第二屆全民健身科學大會論文摘要集[C];2010年

3 劉瑛;張志斌;;川渝地區(qū)壩壩休閑體育特色研究[A];第九屆全國體育科學大會論文摘要匯編(3)[C];2011年

相關重要報紙文章 前1條

1 項涓;關注國民旅游與休閑體育[N];中國體育報;2013年

相關碩士學位論文 前10條

1 吳澤毓;黑龍江省休閑體育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與趨勢的研究[D];哈爾濱體育學院;2016年

2 巴根;呼和浩特市休閑體育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與對策研究[D];首都體育學院;2017年

3 尚菁菁;英國休閑體育發(fā)展及對中國的啟示[D];成都體育學院;2012年

4 田運濤;西安市居民休閑體育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與對策研究[D];山東大學;2013年

5 楊娜;八十年代以來休閑體育發(fā)展研究[D];北京體育大學;2006年

6 陳超凡;株洲市休閑體育發(fā)展研究[D];湖北大學;2013年

7 李新華;國際旅游島背景下海南休閑體育發(fā)展策略研究[D];海南師范大學;2011年

8 柏勇;湖南省新農(nóng)村建設背景下農(nóng)家樂休閑體育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀研究[D];湖南科技大學;2012年

9 范保國;高校學生休閑體育發(fā)展研究[D];蘇州大學;2006年

10 李瓊;濟源城市居民休閑體育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀研究[D];河南師范大學;2013年

，

本文編號：1393298