本文關(guān)鍵詞：商業(yè)銀行房地產(chǎn)信貸法律風險及防范對策研究　出處：《江西財經(jīng)大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 房地產(chǎn)信貸 次貸危機 法律風險

【摘要】：美國在2008年爆發(fā)的次貸危機波及全球，對世界各國的經(jīng)濟都造成了不同程度的影響。同時，各國銀行對房地產(chǎn)信貸危機發(fā)出了警報。美國的次級信貸業(yè)務(wù)原本是件好事，其目的是為了給那些信用等級較低或者收入不高的人群提供貸款，為他們實現(xiàn)擁有住房的夢想，同時也能促進美國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。在美國，20%的新增家庭住房借助于次級貸款，自從危機爆發(fā)后，美國政府和美聯(lián)儲多次聯(lián)手救市，但是對房地產(chǎn)市場的作用幾乎不大。我國房地產(chǎn)信貸問題研究起步較晚，其主要側(cè)重于商業(yè)銀行房地產(chǎn)信貸風險的分類、識別和產(chǎn)生原因的基礎(chǔ)研究層面。相比較而言，國外的金融市場次級信貸業(yè)務(wù)起步的早，對房地產(chǎn)次貸問題的研究都十分的系統(tǒng)化，其在對風險的操控方式上已有了較為完善的理論和風險評估體系。目前，房地產(chǎn)業(yè)儼然成為我國國民經(jīng)濟的一個重要的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，涵蓋范圍廣泛，其每增加1個單位產(chǎn)值即可帶動所有產(chǎn)業(yè)增加1.416個單位產(chǎn)值。其中，可帶動金融保險業(yè)增加0.145個單位產(chǎn)值，這不僅說明了房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的發(fā)展促進金融保險業(yè)的發(fā)展，同時也揭示了中國房地產(chǎn)業(yè)與銀行業(yè)是一個相互高度依存的行業(yè)。所以對我國商業(yè)銀行房地產(chǎn)信貸風險的法律研究是極具現(xiàn)實意義的。 由于近年來我國房地產(chǎn)投資規(guī)模的極具膨脹，導(dǎo)致我國商品房住房價格不斷增長，中國雖然沒有次級貸款市場，但是中國的房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)有類似美國次級貸款的層面。在中國，有許多人渴望通過投資房地產(chǎn)來獲取財富，商業(yè)銀行在房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)扮演著重要的角色。在各種利益的驅(qū)使之下，全國各地的商業(yè)銀行都絞盡腦汁，用盡各種辦法去吸引人們借貸買房。我國政府出臺了許多宏觀調(diào)控政策來穩(wěn)定房地產(chǎn)市場的良性發(fā)展。從經(jīng)濟法的研究角度來看，，我國政府對房地產(chǎn)市場必須要進行適當?shù)母深A(yù)，但是又不能過度的干預(yù)，因為政府過多的插手房地產(chǎn)市場，很大程度上會損害房地產(chǎn)市場的活力，這就要求政府要嚴格的把握干預(yù)房地產(chǎn)市場的程度和力度，不要損害經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。政府理應(yīng)積極推動企業(yè)進行股票融資，發(fā)展房地產(chǎn)投資信托基金，研究開發(fā)金融衍生產(chǎn)品，加快房地產(chǎn)抵押貸款證券化，完善我國房地產(chǎn)金融法律體系。 銀行對房地產(chǎn)市場的信貸是房地產(chǎn)發(fā)展的主要資金來源，個人按揭住房貸款也來自銀行，商業(yè)銀行對房地產(chǎn)市場的信貸也使其承擔了很大的風險。房地產(chǎn)信貸業(yè)務(wù)不同于其他業(yè)務(wù)，它具有個人借貸金額不大但總體業(yè)務(wù)量多、借貸周期長等特點。而對房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商的借貸則具有價值波動大、風險大等特點。而兩者共同的特點是流動性差，而且在某些條件下兩者會相互轉(zhuǎn)化。因此對商業(yè)銀行房地產(chǎn)業(yè)務(wù)的風險防范法律問題的研究很有必要。隨著國家越來越重視對房地產(chǎn)市場的宏觀調(diào)控，商業(yè)銀行應(yīng)該從外部的政策風險和內(nèi)部的管理風險來防范房地產(chǎn)市場可能對其帶來的危機。商業(yè)銀行也因當完善信貸風險管理制度、拓展融資渠道、分散風險轉(zhuǎn)移三個方面來采取相應(yīng)的措施。本文先從信貸風險的機理及房地產(chǎn)信貸風險的特殊性入手，對我國房地產(chǎn)信貸的現(xiàn)狀及風險作出分析，然后通過對比美國房地產(chǎn)信貸風險調(diào)控機制，來完善我國商業(yè)銀行房地產(chǎn)信貸風險的法律防范體系的建設(shè)。 通過綜合分析，本文得出的結(jié)論是房地產(chǎn)信貸已經(jīng)面臨著各種風險，我國政府必須及時的出臺相關(guān)的法律法規(guī)來完善房地產(chǎn)市場的運行。著力從經(jīng)濟法的層面加強國家對房地產(chǎn)市場的宏觀調(diào)控。商業(yè)銀行在對房地產(chǎn)市場開展信貸業(yè)務(wù)時要高度重視可能帶來的風險和危害性,逐步建立以充分控制房地產(chǎn)信貸風險為目標的經(jīng)營管理模式。從規(guī)范操作、降低風險、保障運行出發(fā)，合理擴展房地產(chǎn)信貸規(guī)模，有步驟地推進房地產(chǎn)融資向多元化、標準化、優(yōu)質(zhì)化方向發(fā)展，讓房地產(chǎn)信貸業(yè)務(wù)步入良好的經(jīng)營管理軌道。
[Abstract]:The United States swept the world in the 2008 outbreak of the subprime crisis, the world economy has caused different effects. At the same time, the bank issued a warning of the real estate credit crisis. The U. S. sub-prime loan business originally is a good thing, its purpose is to give the credit level is low or high income population loans for them to realize the dream of homeownership, but also can promote the economic development of the United States. In the United States, 20% of the new homes with subprime loans, since the outbreak of the crisis, the U.S. government and the Fed repeatedly join forces to save the city, but the role of the real estate market is almost unlikely. The study on real estate credit in our country started later, it mainly focuses on the classification of real estate credit risk of commercial banks, and based on the causes of the recognition level. In comparison, the secondary business credit financial markets abroad Early start, the research on the real estate mortgage problems are very systematic, the existing theory and risk assessment system is more perfect in the risk control. At present, the real estate industry has become an important industry chain of China's national economy, covers a wide range, which increased 1 a unit of output can be driven by all industries increase 1.416 unit output. Among them, can drive a 0.145 unit increase in the output of the financial insurance industry, which not only shows the development of the real estate industry to promote the financial and insurance industry, but also reveals the China real estate industry and the banking industry is a highly interdependent industry. So the law research on China's commercial bank real estate credit risk is of great practical significance.
In recent years, China's real estate investment scale is very expansion, resulting in China's commercial housing prices continue to increase, although there is no China subprime market, but Chinese real estate industry has a similar subprime loan level. In China, many people are eager to acquire wealth by investing in real estate, commercial banks play an important role in the real estate industry. Driven by the various interests of the country, commercial banks are racking their brains to use various methods to attract people to borrow to buy a house. The sound development of China's government introduced a number of macro-control policy to stabilize the real estate market. From the angle of economic law study in China, the government must be real the real estate market to carry out appropriate intervention, but not excessive intervention, because too much government intervene in the real estate market, will greatly damage the real estate market. The force, which requires the government to strictly grasp the degree and intensity of intervention in the real estate market, not damage the development of economy. The government should actively promote enterprises for equity financing, real estate investment trust fund, the research and development of financial derivative products, to speed up the real estate mortgage securitization, improve China's real estate financial legal system.
Bank credit to real estate market is the main source of funds for real estate development, personal housing mortgage loans from banks, commercial bank credit to the real estate market also make it take a great risk. The real estate credit business is different from other businesses, it has the personal loan amount is small but the overall business volume, characteristics lending cycle is long. While lending to real estate developers have large fluctuations in the value, characteristics of high risk. But their common characteristic is the poor liquidity, but also will be transformed into each other under certain conditions. Therefore, both on the risk prevention of legal problems of commercial banks in real estate business is necessary. As the country becomes more attention to the macro-control of the real estate market, commercial banks should be from the external policy risk and internal risk management to prevent the real estate market is likely to bring the crisis to commercial banks. Because when they improve the credit risk management system, expand financing channels, diversify risk transfer three aspects to take corresponding measures. This thesis starts from the particularity of the mechanism of credit risk and credit risk of real estate with the status quo and risk of real estate credit in our country to analyze, and then through the comparison of the U.S. real estate credit risk control the mechanism construction, to improve our country commercial bank real estate credit risk prevention legal system.
Through comprehensive analysis, the paper draws a conclusion that the real estate credit has been facing various kinds of risks, our government must timely introduction of relevant laws and regulations to improve the operation of the real estate market. From the level of economic law to strengthen the national macro-control of the real estate market. The commercial banks in the credit business of the real estate market to attach great importance to the possible risks and hazards, and gradually establish a full control of the real estate credit risk as the goal of management mode. To reduce the risk from the norms of operation, operation, protection of property, a reasonable extension of real estate credit scale, step by step to the diversification of real estate financing, standardization, quality development and let the real estate credit business management into the good track.

【學位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D922.281;D922.29

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