本文選題：職業(yè)培訓(xùn) + 中美德��； 參考：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：就業(yè)是民生之本。我國(guó)作為一個(gè)擁有十三億人口的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,當(dāng)前正面臨著異常嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)問(wèn)題。黨和政府非常重視就業(yè)問(wèn)題,將就業(yè)看作是改善民生、推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧的頭等大事。我國(guó)促進(jìn)就業(yè)和穩(wěn)定就業(yè)的重要途徑之一就是職業(yè)培訓(xùn),同時(shí)這也是政府解決結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)的根本舉措,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展有著不可或缺的作用。然而,職業(yè)培訓(xùn)要想持續(xù)性發(fā)展,必須依靠法律來(lái)規(guī)范和約束。目前,我國(guó)已經(jīng)出臺(tái)了許多職業(yè)培訓(xùn)的法律法規(guī),初步形成了職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法體系,并取得了一些成績(jī),也積累了一定的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)。然而,從總體上來(lái)看,目前我國(guó)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法活動(dòng)多以政府為主導(dǎo),法律條款多偏于倡導(dǎo)性建議,立法中的監(jiān)督與反饋環(huán)節(jié)也較為薄弱,職業(yè)培訓(xùn)法的實(shí)施效果不盡如人意,職業(yè)培訓(xùn)的發(fā)展也受到了一定的限制。一直以來(lái),西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家對(duì)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)都相當(dāng)重視,職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法體系也相對(duì)完善,其中頗具代表性的就有美國(guó)和德國(guó)。前者是世界頭號(hào)經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó),后者以“雙元制”職業(yè)培訓(xùn)而聞名世界。這兩個(gè)國(guó)家早在一百多年前就開(kāi)始了職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法相關(guān)實(shí)踐的探索,并已經(jīng)形成了一套相對(duì)完善的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法體系,積累了許多職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法的經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)其他國(guó)家具有很大的借鑒價(jià)值。筆者通過(guò)相關(guān)文本研究,對(duì)中、美、德三國(guó)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,從而對(duì)我國(guó)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法的完善提出了建議。論文從四個(gè)部分展開(kāi)了論述:首先闡述了研究動(dòng)機(jī)和研究意義,通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀的梳理,確定了研究的思路和方法,同時(shí)還對(duì)文章所涉及的相關(guān)概念做出了界定。其次,通過(guò)查閱中、美、德三國(guó)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法資料,對(duì)三國(guó)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法發(fā)展脈絡(luò)進(jìn)行梳理,勾畫(huà)了三國(guó)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法形成與發(fā)展的歷史過(guò)程。再次,通過(guò)對(duì)三國(guó)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法的主體、客體、程序進(jìn)行比較,總結(jié)其各自的特征。最后,通過(guò)對(duì)三國(guó)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法特征進(jìn)行分析,反思我國(guó)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法存在的不足,從而提出完善我國(guó)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)立法的建議,即健全立法主體、修訂立法客體、調(diào)整立法程序。
[Abstract]:Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood. As a developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, China is facing a severe employment problem. The Party and the government attach great importance to the issue of employment, regard employment as the most important task to improve people's livelihood, promote economic development and promote social harmony. One of the important ways to promote and stabilize employment in China is vocational training, which is also the fundamental measure of the government to solve structural unemployment and plays an indispensable role in the development of economy and society. However, if vocational training wants to develop continuously, it must depend on law to regulate and restrict. At present, our country has issued many laws and regulations of vocational training, and has initially formed the legislative system of vocational training, and has made some achievements and accumulated some valuable experience. However, on the whole, at present, the legislative activities of vocational training in our country are dominated by the government, the provisions of the law tend to be more advocacy suggestions, the supervision and feedback links in the legislation are also relatively weak, and the effect of the implementation of the vocational training law is not satisfactory. The development of vocational training has also been limited. All along, the western developed countries attach great importance to vocational training, and the legislative system of vocational training is relatively perfect, among which the representative ones are the United States and Germany. The former is the world's largest economic power, the latter is known for its dual system of vocational training. These two countries began to explore the relevant practice of vocational training legislation more than 100 years ago, and have formed a relatively perfect system of vocational training legislation, and have accumulated a lot of experience in vocational training legislation. It has great reference value to other countries. The author makes a comparative analysis on the legislation of vocational training in China, the United States and Germany through the study of relevant texts, and puts forward some suggestions for the perfection of the legislation on vocational training in China. This paper discusses from four parts: firstly, it expounds the research motivation and significance, through combing the current research situation at home and abroad, determines the research ideas and methods, at the same time, defines the related concepts involved in the article. Secondly, through consulting the legislation data of vocational training in China, the United States and Germany, the author combs the development of the legislation of vocational training in the three countries, and outlines the historical process of the formation and development of the legislation of vocational training in the three countries. Thirdly, by comparing the subjects, objects and procedures of the three countries' vocational training legislation, the author summarizes their respective characteristics. Finally, through the analysis of the legislative characteristics of vocational training in the three countries, this paper reflects on the shortcomings of the legislation on vocational training in our country, and puts forward some suggestions to perfect the legislation of vocational training in China, that is, to perfect the subject of legislation, to revise the object of legislation and to adjust the legislative procedure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G719.1

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