本文選題：兒童 + 沉浮概念　； 參考：《南京師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 二十世紀(jì)以來,建構(gòu)主義理論逐漸深入地影響著學(xué)前教育的理論和實(shí)踐。兒童不再被看成是小大人,而是與成人一樣的處于不同發(fā)展階段的能動(dòng)主體。兒童是積極的知識(shí)建構(gòu)者,他在與周圍環(huán)境相互作用的過程中建構(gòu)著自己關(guān)于各種事物和現(xiàn)象的概念。兒童的概念以及概念轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)找娉蔀樵S多研究者關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。 本研究采用質(zhì)、量結(jié)合的方法探討5～7歲兒童的沉浮概念的具體發(fā)展情形。 本研究假設(shè)5～7歲兒童的沉浮概念發(fā)展會(huì)呈現(xiàn)出以下幾種水平: 水平a兒童用心理因素判斷物體沉浮; 水平b兒童考慮到物體的物理屬性,用多種相關(guān)和非相關(guān)因素判斷物體沉浮; 水平c兒童用本質(zhì)相關(guān)因素(輕重、大小)錯(cuò)誤對(duì)應(yīng)判斷物體沉浮; 水平d兒童從大小維度正確對(duì)應(yīng)判斷物體沉浮; 水平e兒童從輕重維度正確對(duì)應(yīng)判斷物體沉浮; 水平f兒童以輕重為主判斷物體的沉浮,輔以其他非本質(zhì)相關(guān)因素(如物體的材質(zhì)、空心實(shí)心、有氣無氣等)為判斷依據(jù); 水平g輕重和大小標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并列存在,兒童在不同情境中運(yùn)用不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)判斷物體沉浮; 水平h兒童將輕重和大小相結(jié)合判斷物體的沉浮。 本研究得到的結(jié)論如下: 1.研究結(jié)果證實(shí)了研究假設(shè),除了水平g以外,5歲組、6歲組和7歲組各個(gè)年齡組兒童的沉浮概念發(fā)展均表現(xiàn)出假設(shè)中的a、b、c、d、e、f和h幾種不同的水平,只是各年齡組中各水平人數(shù)所占的比例不同而已�？ǚ綑z驗(yàn)顯示,5～7歲兒童的沉浮概念發(fā)展不存在顯著的性別差異。 2.大部分5～7歲兒童能夠抓住影響物體沉浮的某一種本質(zhì)因素(輕重或大小),并將其與物體的沉浮建立正確的對(duì)應(yīng),建立較為明晰的沉浮概念,即“大的東西浮起來,小的東西沉下去”或“重的東西沉下去,輕的東西浮上來”。 3.5～7歲兒童的沉浮概念表現(xiàn)出隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而精致和科學(xué)的趨勢(shì)。 4.5～6歲是兒童沉浮概念發(fā)展的質(zhì)的飛躍期。 5.教育條件在一定程度上影響著5～7歲兒童沉浮概念的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Since the twentieth century , constructivist theory has influenced the theory and practice of preschool education . Children are no longer regarded as young adults , but as active subjects in different stages of development like adults . Children are active knowledge constructors . He constructs his own concept about various things and phenomena in the process of interacting with the surrounding environment . The concept of children and the transformation of concept are becoming the focus of many researchers .


This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the specific development of the concept of sinking of children aged 5 - 7 years .


The study assumes that the development of the submerged concept of children between 5 and 7 years of age will present the following levels :


Level a children use psychological factors to judge the floating of objects ;


Level b children take into account the physical properties of the object , and judge the object to float with a variety of relevant and non - relevant factors ;


the level c children judge the object to float according to the error corresponding to the essence - related factors ( weight and size ) ;


the horizontal d child judges the object to float correctly from the size dimension ;


the horizontal e - child judges the object to float correctly from the light weight dimension ;


Level f children judge the floating of objects based on the degree of gravity , supplemented by other non - essential factors ( such as materials of objects , hollow solid , gas - free , etc . ) as the basis for judgment ;


The level g degree and the size standard exist side by side , and children use different criteria to judge the floating of objects in different situations ;


The level h child will combine the magnitude and size to determine the buoyancy of the object .


The conclusions of this study are as follows :


1 . The results of the study confirmed that the study hypothesis , except the level g , the development of the floating concept of children in the 5 - year - old group , the 6 - year - old group and the 7 - year - old group showed the different levels of a , b , c , d , e , f and h , but the proportion of each level in each age group was different . chi - square test showed that there was no significant gender difference in the development of the submerged floating concept of children aged 5 - 7 .


2 . Most children aged 5 - 7 can grasp a certain essential factor ( light weight or size ) that affects the settlement of objects , and establish the correct correspondence between them and the settlement of objects , and establish a more clear concept of sinking , that is , " big things float up , small things sink " or " heavy things sink , light things float up " .


The floating concept of children aged 3 . 5 - 7 shows the trend of refinement and science with the increase of age .


4.5 锝，

本文編號(hào)：1890817