本文選題：學(xué)前教育政策 + 家庭視角��； 參考：《學(xué)前教育研究》2017年06期

【摘要】：近20年來,英國政府依據(jù)人力資本理論,將家庭視為重要的社會資產(chǎn),并在學(xué)前教育政策中體現(xiàn)了對家庭的重視和支持。首先,英國政府通過提高家庭對學(xué)前教育和兒童保育的支付能力,竭力幫助家長實現(xiàn)工作與家庭生活的平衡;其次,依托于確保開端兒童中心,為包括貧困家庭在內(nèi)的所有家庭提供廣泛的綜合服務(wù);再次,通過推行稅收抵免等相關(guān)福利制度,盡力分擔(dān)家庭的育兒成本;最后,通過改善貧困兒童的家庭境遇、加強早期干預(yù)等方式精準(zhǔn)扶持貧困兒童及其家庭。同時,英國此種"家庭支持"取向的學(xué)前教育政策近年來也面臨著一些問題和挑戰(zhàn),如后續(xù)經(jīng)費供給不足,致使兒童中心等家庭服務(wù)項目遭遇發(fā)展瓶頸;貧富懸殊的裂痕很難彌合,貧困兒童及其家庭迫切需要政府加大扶持力度等。今后,英國政府應(yīng)進一步提升早教質(zhì)量,最大限度地提高"家庭支持"取向?qū)W前教育投入的收益;將有限的經(jīng)費優(yōu)先分配給貧困兒童及其家庭,并進一步加強"上游干預(yù)";繼續(xù)推行"準(zhǔn)市場機制",擴大早期教育供給,為幼兒和家庭提供更多的選擇機會。我國的生育政策和延遲退休政策或?qū)⑹挂徊糠钟變杭议L在平衡工作與家庭生活時面臨更多挑戰(zhàn),與此同時伴隨城鎮(zhèn)化進程,勞務(wù)輸出大省學(xué)齡前留守兒童的規(guī)模和比重將持續(xù)增加,長期親子分離的不利境遇使他們的成長面臨多重隱患。鑒于此,將家庭視角納入我國學(xué)前教育政策顯得十分迫切。我國學(xué)前教育政策可以在三個方面著力體現(xiàn)對兒童及其家庭的重視和支持:一是提高學(xué)前教育公共服務(wù)的普惠性程度,切實降低家庭的育兒成本,減輕家庭的育兒負擔(dān);二是將建立0~3歲嬰幼兒照料服務(wù)體系納入政府的政策議程;三是堅持"濟困優(yōu)先"原則,為處境不利兒童及其家庭提供精準(zhǔn)扶持。
[Abstract]:In the past 20 years, the British government regarded the family as an important social asset according to the theory of human capital, and reflected the importance and support of the family in the pre-school education policy. First, the British Government is doing its utmost to help parents achieve a work-family balance by improving their families' ability to pay for pre-school education and childcare; and, second, by ensuring that the start Children's Centre is in place. Providing a wide range of integrated services for all families, including poor families; thirdly, making every effort to share the child-care costs of families through the introduction of related welfare systems, such as tax credits; and finally, by improving the situation of children living in poverty, Strengthen early intervention and other ways to support poor children and their families. At the same time, this kind of "family support" orientation preschool education policy in Britain also faces some problems and challenges in recent years, such as insufficient supply of follow-up funds, resulting in a bottleneck in the development of family services such as children's centres; The gap between the rich and the poor is hard to bridge. Poor children and their families urgently need more support from the government. In the future, the British Government should further improve the quality of early education, maximize the return of "family support" oriented pre-school education, and give priority to the allocation of limited funds to poor children and their families. And further strengthen "upstream intervention", continue to promote "quasi-market mechanism", expand the supply of early education, and provide more choices for young children and families. Our fertility policy and delayed retirement policy may increase the challenges faced by some parents of young children in balancing work and family life, while at the same time accompanying the urbanization process. The scale and proportion of preschool left-behind children in large labor export provinces will continue to increase, and the adverse circumstances of long-term separation of parents and children will make their growth face many hidden dangers. In view of this, the family perspective into our preschool education policy is very urgent. The policy of preschool education in our country can embody the importance and support to children and their families in three aspects: first, to improve the inclusive degree of public services of preschool education, to reduce the cost of childcare and to lighten the burden of childcare of families; Second, the establishment of a care service system for 3-year-olds should be included in the government's policy agenda; third, the principle of "giving priority to poverty relief" should be adhered to provide precise support for disadvantaged children and their families.
【作者單位】： 遼寧師范大學(xué)田家炳教育書院暨教育學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家社科基金“十二五”規(guī)劃2015年度教育學(xué)一般課題“公益普惠目標(biāo)定位下我國民辦學(xué)前教育發(fā)展對策研究”(編號:BHA150081)
【分類號】：G619.561

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