本文選題：幼兒 + 卡通面孔　； 參考：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：面孔作為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪凶畛＝佑|的一類刺激符號,附帶著性別、年齡、情緒狀態(tài)以及人格特征等信息,在人們的社會交往中扮演著重要角色,因而快速準(zhǔn)確的面孔認(rèn)知對于處在人類社會中的每個個體來說是一項(xiàng)具有重要意義的能力。相對于成人來說,卡通形象在幼兒的世界中同樣占據(jù)著重要地位。而卡通面孔作為卡通形象的核心要素,也吸引研究者展開了大量的探索,但多集中于形象設(shè)計(jì)以及角色吸引力等方面,對其加工機(jī)制的研究還相對較少。 本研究以真實(shí)卡通片中的卡通面孔圖片為刺激材料,賦予5-6歲幼兒三種不同的加工任務(wù),分別在前三個分實(shí)驗(yàn)中探討：實(shí)驗(yàn)一卡通面孔識別,要求幼兒判斷一張卡通圖片是否是面孔,考察面孔與非面孔對幼兒面孔加工的眼動影響；實(shí)驗(yàn)二卡通面孔分類,要求幼兒分辨一張卡通面孔是人物還是動物,考察人類面孔與動物面孔對幼兒面孔加工的眼動影響；實(shí)驗(yàn)三卡通面孔吸引力評價,要求幼兒對是否喜歡某張卡通面孔做出選擇,考察高吸引力與低吸引力面孔對幼兒面孔加工的眼動影響。 從幼兒認(rèn)知的發(fā)展水平來看,任務(wù)‘涉及面孔整體結(jié)構(gòu)的早期認(rèn)知,最為簡單；任務(wù)二需要進(jìn)行更進(jìn)一步的面孔特征分析,是在面孔整體識別的基礎(chǔ)上的,難度更大；任務(wù)三需要對面孔五官的空間特征比例、面孔重要部件的精細(xì)特征等進(jìn)行綜合分析才能做出最終評價,故難度最高�？梢�,三種任務(wù)的難度依次加大意味著在這三項(xiàng)任務(wù)當(dāng)中,幼兒需要調(diào)用的心理資源逐步增加,可能牽涉到加工速度、加工深度、注意廣度以及心理活動的復(fù)雜程度等中的某一項(xiàng)或幾項(xiàng)。因此,在三個分實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,以任務(wù)難度為切入點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了綜合分析,旨在比較幼兒在不同難度的任務(wù)情境中對卡通面孔的眼動加工特征。結(jié)果表明： 1.幼兒在辨別卡通面孔與非面孔時,對于卡通面孔的識別在績效和眼動指標(biāo)等方面表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)勢。 2.幼兒在辨別卡通人物和動物面孔時,前者具有優(yōu)勢,后者則表現(xiàn)出作為新異刺激的特征,即加工速度更慢、程度更深、難度更大。 3.幼兒在評價卡通面孔的吸引力水平時,對于卡通人物面孔而言,幼兒表現(xiàn)出對高吸引力面孔的偏愛,在卡通動物面孔中則不存在。同時,對于缺乏吸引力的人物面孔,幼兒也表現(xiàn)出回避傾向。 4.任務(wù)情境會影響幼兒對卡通面孔的加工。隨著三種任務(wù)難度的逐漸加大,幼兒的加工程度也相應(yīng)地加深。 5.幼兒在三種任務(wù)中的加工方式一致,對面部不同部位的關(guān)注程度不同：加工初期特別關(guān)注鼻子,而后眼睛部位耗費(fèi)最多的心理資源,其次是鼻子、嘴巴、前額和臉頰,極少關(guān)注下巴。 6.男女童在卡通面孔分類任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)出較顯著的性別差異,女童具有速度方面的優(yōu)勢,而男童對于關(guān)鍵信息的搜索則更為積極主動。
[Abstract]:As one of the most common stimuli in people's daily life, face plays an important role in social interaction with information of gender, age, emotional state and personality. Therefore, rapid and accurate face recognition is a significant ability for every individual in human society. Compared to adults, cartoon characters also occupy an important position in the world of young children. Cartoon faces as the core elements of cartoon images also attract a lot of researchers to explore but mostly focused on the image design and character attraction and so on the research on its processing mechanism is relatively small. In this study, cartoon face images in real cartoon films were used as stimulus materials, and children aged 5 to 6 were given three different processing tasks. Children were asked to judge whether a cartoon image was a face, to investigate the eye movement effect of face and non-face on the processing of children's faces; experiment two was to classify cartoon faces to tell whether a cartoon face was a character or an animal. To investigate the effects of human and animal faces on the eye movements of children's faces, and to evaluate the attractiveness of cartoon faces in experiment three, children were asked to choose whether they liked a cartoon face or not. To investigate the effect of high and low attractive faces on the eye movement of young children's face processing. From the developmental level of children's cognition, the task 'involves the early cognition of the overall structure of the face, which is the simplest, and task two needs further analysis of the facial features, which is based on the recognition of the whole face and is more difficult. Task three needs comprehensive analysis of the proportion of spatial features of facial features and fine features of important parts of faces in order to make the final evaluation, so it is the most difficult. It can be seen that the difficulty of the three tasks increases in turn, which means that among these three tasks, the psychological resources that young children need to transfer may gradually increase, which may involve processing speed and processing depth. One or more of the breadth of attention and the complexity of mental activity. Therefore, on the basis of three sub-experiments, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis with task difficulty as the starting point, in order to compare the eye movement processing characteristics of cartoon faces in different task situations. The results show that: 1. When children distinguish cartoon face from non-face, the recognition of cartoon face shows advantages in performance and eye movement index. 2. When children distinguish cartoon characters from animal faces, the former has advantages, while the latter shows the characteristics of new and different stimuli, that is, the processing speed is slower, the degree is deeper, and the difficulty is greater. 3. In evaluating the attractiveness level of cartoon faces, toddlers show a preference for highly attractive faces, but they do not exist in cartoon animal faces. At the same time, for the lack of attractiveness of the character faces, children also showed a tendency to avoid. 4. Task situation will affect toddler's processing of cartoon face. With the gradual increase of the difficulty of the three tasks, the processing degree of young children is deepened accordingly. 5. Toddlers have the same way of processing in the three tasks and pay different attention to different parts of the face: at the beginning of processing, they pay special attention to the nose, and then to the eye, which consumes the most psychological resources, followed by the nose, mouth, forehead and cheek. Pay little attention to your chin. 6. Boys and girls showed significant gender differences in the task of classifying cartoon faces. Girls had the advantage of speed, while boys were more active in searching for key information.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G610

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