本文選題：城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距 + 教育擴(kuò)展��； 參考：《山東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)80年代以來,中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長,居民的收入水平也有了很大提高,但是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的成果并沒在社會(huì)之間進(jìn)行公平分配,收入差距是日益嚴(yán)重,尤其是城鄉(xiāng)居民間的收入差距,而且這種差距愈演愈烈,而且已經(jīng)影響到我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和社會(huì)的和諧。即使是中央及地方各級(jí)政府相繼出臺(tái)一些旨在縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民間收入差距的政策,但是這城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距日趨擴(kuò)大的態(tài)勢(shì)并沒從根本上扭轉(zhuǎn)。在技術(shù)為主推力的經(jīng)濟(jì)中,城鄉(xiāng)之間的人力資本水平的差異導(dǎo)致增長動(dòng)力在城鄉(xiāng)間的差異,最終導(dǎo)致收入水平的差距。由于人力資本以人(或勞動(dòng)者)為載體,而教育是人力資本重要的積累形式,因此教育的差距一定程度上代表著人力資本的差距�；诖�,本文在有關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,試圖從教育角度,運(yùn)用收入分配理論、收入差距理論及教育影響城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的相關(guān)理論,對(duì)導(dǎo)致我國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的教育因素進(jìn)行理論以及實(shí)證分析。通過理論分析得出結(jié)論:教育擴(kuò)展有助于提高居民的收入分配水平。在教育發(fā)展的初級(jí)階段,教育擴(kuò)展對(duì)收入差距有擴(kuò)張效應(yīng);在教育發(fā)展的高級(jí)階段,教育擴(kuò)展對(duì)收入差距具有抑制效應(yīng)。教育差距對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的影響是通過三種途徑展開的,城鄉(xiāng)教育的不平等會(huì)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式的差異,農(nóng)民增收緩慢;城鄉(xiāng)教育的差距也對(duì)農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力流入城市造成障礙;城鄉(xiāng)之間的教育差距強(qiáng)化城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu),這也會(huì)致使收入差距拉大。而我國的實(shí)際教育因素卻是公共教育經(jīng)費(fèi)存在城市偏向性、城鄉(xiāng)教育資源存在較大差距。分別對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)、農(nóng)村的教育擴(kuò)展和收入水平進(jìn)行粗略的簡單回歸,得出結(jié)論:不管是農(nóng)村還是城鎮(zhèn),教育擴(kuò)展與收入水平均呈正相關(guān)的關(guān)系,由于各種原因,城鎮(zhèn)居民的教育收益率遠(yuǎn)大于農(nóng)村居民的教育收益率,正是這種差異,教育擴(kuò)展加大了城鄉(xiāng)居民間收入差距。通過對(duì)我國城鄉(xiāng)教育差距與居民收入差距進(jìn)行實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論:二者存在長期穩(wěn)定關(guān)系,而且城鄉(xiāng)教育差距是收入差距的格蘭杰原因。因此,促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)教育公平有利于縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距�；谏鲜龅难芯拷Y(jié)論,提出以下幾點(diǎn)對(duì)策:繼續(xù)深化制度、體制改革,建立公平的受教育及就業(yè)制度;當(dāng)局應(yīng)加大對(duì)教育尤其是加大對(duì)農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)教育的投入;在城市和農(nóng)村地區(qū)的教師資源進(jìn)行合理配置,提高農(nóng)村居民的教育質(zhì)量;其他對(duì)策建議。
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, China's economy has grown rapidly, and the income level of the residents has been greatly improved. However, the achievements of economic development have not been fairly distributed among the society, and the income gap is becoming increasingly serious. Especially the income gap between urban and rural residents, and this gap intensified, and has affected the economic development and social harmony. Even the central and local governments have introduced some policies aimed at narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents, but this widening trend of income gap between urban and rural residents has not fundamentally reversed. In the technology-oriented economy, the difference of human capital level between urban and rural areas leads to the difference of growth power between urban and rural areas, and finally leads to the income level gap. Human capital is the carrier of human capital, and education is an important accumulation form of human capital, so the gap of education represents the gap of human capital to a certain extent. Based on this, this paper tries to apply the theory of income distribution, the theory of income gap and the relevant theory of education to affect the income gap of urban and rural residents from the perspective of education. This paper makes a theoretical and empirical analysis of the educational factors leading to the income gap between urban and rural residents in China. Through theoretical analysis, it is concluded that education expansion helps to improve the income distribution level of residents. In the primary stage of educational development, educational expansion has an expanding effect on the income gap, and in the advanced stage of educational development, it has a restraining effect on the income gap. The influence of the education gap on the income gap between urban and rural residents is carried out through three ways. The inequality of urban and rural education will lead to the difference of economic growth mode and the slow increase of farmers' income. The gap between urban and rural education also causes obstacles to the inflow of rural labor force into the city, and the educational gap between urban and rural areas strengthens the structure of urban and rural economy, which will also cause the income gap to widen. However, the actual education factor in our country is the urban bias of public education funds and the large gap between urban and rural educational resources. It is concluded that there is a positive correlation between education expansion and income level in both rural and urban areas, due to various reasons. The educational return rate of urban residents is much higher than that of rural residents. It is this kind of difference that increases the income gap between urban and rural residents. Through the empirical test of the education gap between urban and rural areas and the income gap of residents in China, it is concluded that there is a long-term and stable relationship between them, and the gap between urban and rural education is the Granger cause of the income gap. Therefore, promoting urban and rural education equity is conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas. Based on the above conclusions, the following countermeasures are put forward: continue to deepen the system, reform the system, establish a fair education and employment system, and the authorities should increase the investment in education, especially in rural basic education; Reasonable allocation of teacher resources in urban and rural areas to improve the education quality of rural residents; other countermeasures and suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：G40-05;F124.7

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