本文選題：農(nóng)村義務教育 + 基本公共服務均等化��； 參考：《南京大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：義務教育是實現(xiàn)持續(xù)和健康發(fā)展的國之大計,義務教育的實施情況,在一定程度上直接決定了一個國家的整體國民素質(zhì),進而影響到整個的社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,同時更是以人為本的起點和歸宿。自十六屆五中全會正式提出建立基本公共服務體系,實現(xiàn)基本公共服務均等化以來,義務教育作為基本公共服務的重要內(nèi)容更日益引起人們的重視。而對目前還是農(nóng)業(yè)大國的中國來說,農(nóng)業(yè)人口所占的比例(46.27%)更是決定了農(nóng)村義務教育的重要地位。但是農(nóng)村義務教育的現(xiàn)實情況卻是堪憂,首先,農(nóng)村義務教育本身存在著資金短缺、師資匱乏、設備資源不足、入學率低和輟學率高、流動人口受教育苦難等客觀問題；其次,農(nóng)村義務教育與城市義務教育兩者之間在硬件資源和軟件資源上的巨大差異,也使得農(nóng)村發(fā)展更為緩慢和滯后,與城鄉(xiāng)二元制形成了某種形式的惡性循環(huán)；再次,就算是單獨從農(nóng)村義務教育角度來看,不同地區(qū)差異巨大,特別是中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村義務教育甚至普及率都成為很大問題；最后,農(nóng)村義務教育近年來的“懸浮型”現(xiàn)象日益嚴重,導致農(nóng)村從根本上與社會形成了文化斷裂與脫節(jié)。本文基于基本公共服務均等化的視角,對農(nóng)村義務教育的均等化與均等化基礎上的市場化進行了討論。文章首先對選題背景、思路和研究方法、創(chuàng)新和不足進行了說明,并對迄今為止相關(guān)領域的主要文獻進行了梳理；其次對文章涉及到的主要概念、相關(guān)理論基礎進行了闡述,以作為本文的理論基礎與支撐,同時也奠定本文的價值取向；同時,文章還以數(shù)據(jù)的形式(主要來源于中國統(tǒng)計年鑒和中國教育統(tǒng)計年鑒,以及相關(guān)基于此的整理數(shù)據(jù))說明農(nóng)村義務教育的非均等化現(xiàn)象,通過簡述農(nóng)村義務教育五個主要的發(fā)展階段,提出當今農(nóng)村義務教育在新的稅費改革等政策下的財政總量不足、城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展不均衡和地區(qū)發(fā)展不平衡的現(xiàn)狀；接下來文章對農(nóng)村義務教育的相關(guān)群體進行了分析,闡述了政府作為公共物品提供者作為農(nóng)村義務教育供給的主體,學齡兒童是作為村義務教育的受眾,父母作為義務教育監(jiān)督者和近年興起的網(wǎng)絡對于農(nóng)村義務教育實施過程中的重要作用,以及互動關(guān)系,為接下來探討形成農(nóng)村義務教育多元化供給體系的可能性做好理論準備；文章最后針對問題提出了一定的解決方法,主要圍繞農(nóng)村義務教育的供給方式展開討論,得出了農(nóng)村義務教育作為公共產(chǎn)品以政府供給為主、根據(jù)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平市場適度參與、偏遠和欠發(fā)達地區(qū)第三部門和志愿者補充參與,并借助信息時代網(wǎng)絡化的力量擴大社會參與的農(nóng)村義務教育聯(lián)合供給體系,同時建立相應的監(jiān)督體系,以實現(xiàn)農(nóng)村義務教育保的均等化為基本目標,并能在有條件地區(qū)實現(xiàn)根據(jù)需求的多層次化為更高層次目的。
[Abstract]:Compulsory education is a national plan to achieve sustained and healthy development. To a certain extent, the implementation of compulsory education directly determines the overall national quality of a country, and then affects the entire social and economic development. At the same time, it is the starting point and destination of people-oriented. Since the Fifth Plenary session of the 16th Central Committee formally proposed the establishment of a basic public service system to achieve the equalization of basic public services, compulsory education as an important content of basic public services has attracted more and more attention. For China, which is still a big agricultural country, the proportion of agricultural population is 46.27%, which determines the important status of rural compulsory education. However, the reality of compulsory education in rural areas is worrying. Firstly, there are some objective problems in rural compulsory education, such as the shortage of funds, the shortage of teachers, the shortage of equipment resources, the low enrolment rate and high drop-out rate, the suffering of the floating population in education, and so on. The huge difference between rural compulsory education and urban compulsory education in hardware and software resources also makes rural development slower and lagged, and forms a vicious circle with urban-rural dualism. Even from the point of view of rural compulsory education alone, there are great differences between different regions, especially in the central and western regions, where compulsory education and even the popularization rate become a big problem. Finally, In recent years, the phenomenon of "suspended type" in rural compulsory education is becoming more and more serious, which leads to the cultural breakage and disconnection between the rural areas and the society. Based on the perspective of equalization of basic public services, this paper discusses the marketization of rural compulsory education on the basis of equalization and equalization. Firstly, the paper explains the background, ideas and research methods, innovations and deficiencies, and combs the main literature in related fields so far. Secondly, it expounds the main concepts and related theoretical basis of the article. As the theoretical basis and support of this paper, it also establishes the value orientation of this paper, meanwhile, it also takes the form of data (mainly from the China Statistical Yearbook and the China Education Statistics Yearbook). And related data based on this) to explain the phenomenon of rural compulsory education non-equalization, through a brief description of rural compulsory education in the five main stages of development, The paper points out that the current situation of the rural compulsory education under the new tax and fee reform policy is not enough, the development of urban and rural areas is not balanced and the regional development is not balanced. Next, the article analyzes the related groups of rural compulsory education. This paper expounds that the government, as the provider of public goods, is the main body of the supply of compulsory education in rural areas, and the school-age children are the audience of compulsory education in the village. Parents, as supervisors of compulsory education and the network rising in recent years, play an important role in the implementation of rural compulsory education, as well as the interactive relationship, to explore the possibility of forming a diversified supply system of compulsory education in rural areas. Finally, the article puts forward some solutions to the problem, mainly focusing on the rural compulsory education supply mode, and draws the conclusion that rural compulsory education as a public product is mainly provided by the government, according to the level of economic development, the market is moderately involved. In remote and underdeveloped areas, the third sector and volunteers supplement their participation, and with the help of the power of networking in the information age, they expand the joint supply system of rural compulsory education in which society participates, and at the same time establish a corresponding supervision system. The basic goal is to realize the equalization of compulsory education guarantee in rural areas, and to achieve a higher level goal according to the demand in the conditional areas.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G522.3

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