【摘要】：“百年大計，教育為本”；“教育大計，教師為本”。關(guān)注中小學(xué)教師的心理問題，就是關(guān)注基礎(chǔ)教育；關(guān)注基礎(chǔ)教育，就是關(guān)注國家的未來。近些年來，一些教育科研機構(gòu)和心理健康教育課題組對中小學(xué)教師的心理健康水平進行了調(diào)查、檢測。檢測結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，中小學(xué)教師心理問題的檢出率高達(dá)50%以上，其中，有10%以上的教師存在中度心理障礙，有2%左右的教師有心理疾病。教師的心理健康與否，直接影響著學(xué)生。因此，推動素質(zhì)教育深入發(fā)展，必須重視并解決教師的心理問題。 本文采用了文獻(xiàn)法與調(diào)查法相結(jié)合的研究方法，研究中小學(xué)教師心理問題及其調(diào)適的策略。首先是研究中小學(xué)教師心理問題及其調(diào)適的相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)，掌握中小學(xué)教師心理問題及其調(diào)適的基本理論和前人的研究基礎(chǔ)。國內(nèi)外所涉及的基本理論有：精神分析學(xué)理論；行為主義學(xué)理論；認(rèn)知人格理論；人本主義心理學(xué)理論；理性情緒理論；的研究基礎(chǔ)有：教師心理適應(yīng)不良的研究；教師職業(yè)倦怠的研究；教師工作倦怠成因的相關(guān)研究；教師心理健康教育的研究；教師工作壓力及其相關(guān)研究等。 為了掌握中小學(xué)教師心理問題及其調(diào)適的第一手資料，，我對湖南省14市區(qū)52所中學(xué)63所小學(xué)共115所學(xué)校約600名中小學(xué)教師的心理健康問題狀況行深入的調(diào)查研究。以此為樣本了解到目前中小學(xué)教師心理健康水平：總體狀況一般但不容樂觀。中小學(xué)境等5個領(lǐng)域以及總體健康狀況和心理健康、自評總體心理健康方面存在明顯的差異。 筆者綜合文獻(xiàn)分析與問卷調(diào)查，得出的研究結(jié)論是：教師心理問題表現(xiàn)為教師職堪憂，究其原因，有來自教師自身方面的因素，有來自教師職業(yè)方面的因素，也有來（教師）為本是中小學(xué)教師心理的調(diào)適最基本境，關(guān)注教師心理健康；教師本身要樹立正確的自我概念，正確認(rèn)識自己，客觀評價自己，合理要求自己，悅納自己的優(yōu)點和缺點；由己及人，能夠客觀地評價別人，接納并理解別人的錯誤和缺點；對世事處之泰然，心態(tài)平和；教師要增強心理保健意識，掌握一些常用心理調(diào)適方法；教師要不斷接受繼續(xù)教育，在學(xué)習(xí)中升華自己。
[Abstract]:A hundred-year plan is based on education; a great plan of education is based on teachers. To pay attention to the psychological problems of primary and secondary school teachers is to pay attention to basic education, and to concern about basic education is to pay attention to the future of the country. In recent years, some educational research institutions and mental health education research groups have investigated and tested the mental health level of primary and secondary school teachers. The results showed that the detection rate of psychological problems of primary and middle school teachers was more than 50%, among which, more than 10% teachers had moderate mental disorders, and about 2% teachers had psychological diseases. The teacher's mental health or not directly affects the students. Therefore, to promote the development of quality education, we must pay attention to and solve the psychological problems of teachers. This paper studies the psychological problems of primary and middle school teachers and their adjustment strategies by combining the literature method with the investigation method. The first part is to study the psychological problems of primary and secondary school teachers and their adjustment literature, master the basic theory of teachers' psychological problems and their adjustment and the basis of previous research. The basic theories involved at home and abroad are: psychoanalysis theory; behaviorism theory; cognitive personality theory; humanism psychology theory; rational emotion theory; Research on teachers' job burnout; related research on the causes of teachers' job burnout; research on teachers' mental health education; teachers' job stress and its related research. In order to grasp the primary and secondary school teachers' psychological problems and their adjustment, I have made an in-depth investigation and study on the mental health problems of some 600 primary and middle school teachers in 52 middle schools and 63 primary schools in 14 urban areas of Hunan Province. Take this as the sample to understand the present primary and secondary school teacher's mental health level: the overall situation is general but not optimistic. There were significant differences in 5 fields, such as the environment of primary and secondary schools, the overall health status and mental health, and the self-assessment of the overall mental health. The author synthesizes the literature analysis and the questionnaire survey, obtains the research conclusion: the teacher psychology question manifests for the teacher profession worry, investigates its reason, has the factor which comes from the teacher's own aspect, has the teacher profession aspect factor, has the teacher profession aspect factor, There are also (teachers) who are based on the most basic conditions for the adjustment of the teachers' psychology in primary and secondary schools, and pay attention to the mental health of the teachers; teachers themselves should set up correct self-concept, correctly understand themselves, objectively evaluate themselves, and reasonably demand themselves. Accept your own strengths and weaknesses; be able to evaluate others objectively, accept and understand others' mistakes and shortcomings; be calm and calm about the world; and enhance your awareness of mental health care. Master some common psychological adjustment methods; teachers should continue to receive education and sublimate themselves in their study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G443

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