納西族古代教育思想研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-31 11:11
【摘要】：納西族是中國少數(shù)民族之一,具有悠久的歷史,形成了獨具特色的東巴文化,其中《東巴經(jīng)》是納西族最具代表性的；唐朝時期開始,納西當(dāng)?shù)厥艿饺寮椅幕挠绊懺絹碓酱?儒學(xué)成為麗江一帶的主流文化。在學(xué)術(shù)界,國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對《東巴經(jīng)》和納西族的研究繁多,而教育實踐和教育思想的研究比較匱乏。教育思想是“對教育現(xiàn)象的理想認(rèn)識”,并直接指導(dǎo)教育實踐,通過對納西族教育實踐的分析,歸納、總結(jié)其中所蘊含的教育思想。研究主要是依據(jù)《東巴經(jīng)》中的三部經(jīng)典《創(chuàng)世紀(jì)》、《魯般魯饒》和《黑白之戰(zhàn)》的具體內(nèi)容,挖掘其中的教育思想；并對與納西族教育有關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行深入分析,運用教育學(xué)相關(guān)原理和思想進(jìn)行理論闡述。 通過對東巴經(jīng)典《創(chuàng)世紀(jì)》、《魯般魯饒》和《黑白之戰(zhàn)》中的具體內(nèi)容、英雄形象、對納西族后人的影響等進(jìn)行分析,探究納西族東巴文化中對人才培養(yǎng)的目的,包括道德品質(zhì)與性格特征；古代納西族教育的功能是培養(yǎng)納西族后人民族觀念與族群觀念；東巴文化教育內(nèi)容是非常豐富的,涉及人類發(fā)展與生活的多個方面,如人與人及人與自然之間的和諧關(guān)系、“善惡共存,人無完人”的人性觀、“善有善報,惡有惡報”、技能和愛情婚姻觀的因果觀念；教育方式則主要依托于東巴教和家庭教育。 隨著歷史的朝代變遷,納西族在元代以后到清后,政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)與文化對當(dāng)?shù)亟逃a(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響,首先,納西族教育目的也發(fā)生了變化,以培養(yǎng)納西人的儒家思想和維護(hù)地方統(tǒng)治為主：其次,教育功能除基本的育人功能以外,還具有極強的社會功能；另外,由于文化變遷,也導(dǎo)致教育內(nèi)容發(fā)生巨大變化,以漢語言文學(xué)、儒家思想和風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣為主要內(nèi)容；最后,教育方式上,除了原有的家庭教育與東巴教有,儒學(xué)教育在納西族聚居地逐漸形成,并成為最主要的納西族教育方式,除了木氏土司家族設(shè)立的學(xué)堂外,相繼建立了多個學(xué)宮、書院、義館和私塾,并對當(dāng)?shù)氐募{西人民的生活和文化產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。 通過對前兩部分的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提煉,總結(jié)形成納西族古代教育思想的特點。納西族人尊師重教,形成了良好的學(xué)習(xí)與教育環(huán)境,東巴教育本身具有一定的宗教性,教育發(fā)展的過程中也伴隨著逐漸明顯的階級性,而東巴經(jīng)中的教育內(nèi)容具有較強的普適性,且較為重視道德品質(zhì)方面的教育,納西族在與其他周邊民族的交流與互動中,也表現(xiàn)出了極強的接納與包容程度,并積極吸取其他優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化豐富本民族文化。并且針對當(dāng)前教育現(xiàn)狀和某些教育或社會問題,試圖探究納西族古代教育思想在當(dāng)今時代的啟發(fā)和借鑒意義,主要從納西族古代教育特點進(jìn)行分析,以傳承民族文化中的教育思想精髓,在當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校教授東巴文化與教育的內(nèi)容。與此同時,通過各種方式、手段、媒介將這種優(yōu)秀文化在世界范圍里傳播,使得更多的人從中受益。
[Abstract]:Naxi is one of the minority nationalities in China. It has a long history and has formed a unique Dongba culture, in which the Dongba Classic is the most representative of the Naxi. Since the Tang Dynasty, the local Naxi has been more and more influenced by the Confucian culture. Confucianism became the mainstream culture in Lijiang. In academic circles, there are many researches on Dongba Classic and Naxi nationality, but the research on educational practice and educational thought is scarce. The educational thought is "the ideal cognition to the educational phenomenon", and directly guides the educational practice, through the analysis to the Naxi nationality educational practice, induces, summarizes the educational thought contained therein. The research is mainly based on the specific contents of the three classics in Dongba, the Genesis, the Rubalurao and the War of Black and White, and analyzes the literature related to the education of the Naxi people. Use pedagogy related principle and thought to carry on the theory elaboration. Based on the analysis of Dongba Classics Genesis, Lu Baloo and the Battle of Black and White, the paper analyzes the specific contents, heroic images and the influence on the descendants of the Naxi people, and explores the purpose of cultivating talents in the Dongba culture of the Naxi people. The function of ancient Naxi education is to cultivate the national and ethnic concepts of the later generations of the Naxi people, and Dongba's cultural and educational contents are very rich and involve many aspects of human development and life. Such as the harmonious relationship between man and nature, the human nature view of "coexistence of good and evil, no perfect man", the concept of causality of "good with good, bad with evil", skill and view of love and marriage; The way of education mainly depends on Dongba education and family education. With the change of history, the Naxi nationality had a profound influence on local education after Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. First, the purpose of Naxi education also changed. In order to cultivate the Confucianism of Naxi people and maintain local rule, the educational function has a strong social function in addition to its basic educational function. In addition, because of the cultural changes, the educational content has also undergone great changes. The main contents are Chinese language and literature, Confucian thought and custom. Finally, in addition to the original family education and Dongba education, Confucianism education has gradually formed in the Naxi community and become the most important way of Naxi education. In addition to the schools set up by the Mushi Tusi family, a number of palaces, academies, idols and private schools have been established, which have had a profound impact on the life and culture of the local Naxi people. By refining the contents of the first two parts, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the ancient Naxi educational thought. Naxi people respected teachers and attached importance to education, forming a good learning and educational environment. Dongba education itself had a certain religious character, and the process of educational development was accompanied by gradually obvious class nature. The educational content of Dongba Classic has a strong universality, and more emphasis on moral quality education, Naxi people in the exchange and interaction with other surrounding ethnic groups, also showed a strong degree of acceptance and tolerance. And actively absorb other excellent traditional culture to enrich the national culture. In the light of the current educational situation and some educational or social problems, this paper attempts to explore the enlightenment and reference significance of the ancient Naxi educational thought in the present era, and mainly analyzes the characteristics of the ancient education of the Naxi nationality. In order to pass on the essence of educational thought in national culture, Dongba culture and education are taught in local schools. At the same time, through various ways and means, the media will spread this excellent culture around the world, so that more people benefit from it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G40-092
本文編號：2214803
[Abstract]:Naxi is one of the minority nationalities in China. It has a long history and has formed a unique Dongba culture, in which the Dongba Classic is the most representative of the Naxi. Since the Tang Dynasty, the local Naxi has been more and more influenced by the Confucian culture. Confucianism became the mainstream culture in Lijiang. In academic circles, there are many researches on Dongba Classic and Naxi nationality, but the research on educational practice and educational thought is scarce. The educational thought is "the ideal cognition to the educational phenomenon", and directly guides the educational practice, through the analysis to the Naxi nationality educational practice, induces, summarizes the educational thought contained therein. The research is mainly based on the specific contents of the three classics in Dongba, the Genesis, the Rubalurao and the War of Black and White, and analyzes the literature related to the education of the Naxi people. Use pedagogy related principle and thought to carry on the theory elaboration. Based on the analysis of Dongba Classics Genesis, Lu Baloo and the Battle of Black and White, the paper analyzes the specific contents, heroic images and the influence on the descendants of the Naxi people, and explores the purpose of cultivating talents in the Dongba culture of the Naxi people. The function of ancient Naxi education is to cultivate the national and ethnic concepts of the later generations of the Naxi people, and Dongba's cultural and educational contents are very rich and involve many aspects of human development and life. Such as the harmonious relationship between man and nature, the human nature view of "coexistence of good and evil, no perfect man", the concept of causality of "good with good, bad with evil", skill and view of love and marriage; The way of education mainly depends on Dongba education and family education. With the change of history, the Naxi nationality had a profound influence on local education after Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. First, the purpose of Naxi education also changed. In order to cultivate the Confucianism of Naxi people and maintain local rule, the educational function has a strong social function in addition to its basic educational function. In addition, because of the cultural changes, the educational content has also undergone great changes. The main contents are Chinese language and literature, Confucian thought and custom. Finally, in addition to the original family education and Dongba education, Confucianism education has gradually formed in the Naxi community and become the most important way of Naxi education. In addition to the schools set up by the Mushi Tusi family, a number of palaces, academies, idols and private schools have been established, which have had a profound impact on the life and culture of the local Naxi people. By refining the contents of the first two parts, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the ancient Naxi educational thought. Naxi people respected teachers and attached importance to education, forming a good learning and educational environment. Dongba education itself had a certain religious character, and the process of educational development was accompanied by gradually obvious class nature. The educational content of Dongba Classic has a strong universality, and more emphasis on moral quality education, Naxi people in the exchange and interaction with other surrounding ethnic groups, also showed a strong degree of acceptance and tolerance. And actively absorb other excellent traditional culture to enrich the national culture. In the light of the current educational situation and some educational or social problems, this paper attempts to explore the enlightenment and reference significance of the ancient Naxi educational thought in the present era, and mainly analyzes the characteristics of the ancient education of the Naxi nationality. In order to pass on the essence of educational thought in national culture, Dongba culture and education are taught in local schools. At the same time, through various ways and means, the media will spread this excellent culture around the world, so that more people benefit from it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G40-092
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