【摘要】：本文主要通過對民國早期訓(xùn)育觀念、訓(xùn)育制度、訓(xùn)育組織、訓(xùn)育課程演變的歷史梳理和具體分析，展現(xiàn)民國早期大學(xué)訓(xùn)育演變的軌跡和特點，進(jìn)而總結(jié)該時期大學(xué)訓(xùn)育的實踐經(jīng)驗，以期對當(dāng)今大學(xué)德育建設(shè)和學(xué)生管理提供借鑒。具體而言，本文包括以下幾方面內(nèi)容： 第一，訓(xùn)育觀念的引入與民國早期訓(xùn)育制度的發(fā)展。隨著清末訓(xùn)育概念的引入，在訓(xùn)育觀念上經(jīng)歷了由清末嚴(yán)格管理的訓(xùn)育觀，向民初人格感化的訓(xùn)育觀和五四前后自治的訓(xùn)育觀的轉(zhuǎn)變；在訓(xùn)育制度上經(jīng)歷了清末嚴(yán)格管理制度、民初管理與訓(xùn)練相結(jié)合制度和五四前后自治制度的三個發(fā)展階段。這一過程體現(xiàn)了民國早期對學(xué)生主體性地位的認(rèn)識逐漸增強(qiáng)，反映了民國早期學(xué)生自治的訓(xùn)育制度逐步建立。 第二，民國早期的大學(xué)訓(xùn)育組織。伴隨民國早期訓(xùn)育觀的轉(zhuǎn)變和訓(xùn)育制度的建立，該時期大學(xué)訓(xùn)育組織的發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)出以下兩個特點：從學(xué)校管理角度來看，大學(xué)訓(xùn)育組織經(jīng)歷了學(xué)監(jiān)處到訓(xùn)導(dǎo)處和學(xué)生自治指導(dǎo)委員會的變遷；從學(xué)生主體性地位的強(qiáng)弱來看，大學(xué)訓(xùn)育組織經(jīng)歷了以學(xué)校為主導(dǎo)，鼓勵部分學(xué)生參與管理學(xué)校事務(wù)，開展校友會建設(shè)，向以學(xué)生為主體，形成自我組織、自我管理、自我監(jiān)督的學(xué)生自治組織的發(fā)展。 第三，學(xué)生自治會與大學(xué)訓(xùn)育。學(xué)生自治會作為自治理念的表現(xiàn)形式在五四新文化運(yùn)動的時代背景下，由于歸國留美學(xué)者對美國學(xué)生自治制度的推崇和引進(jìn)，，而成為五四時期大學(xué)學(xué)生自我管理的機(jī)構(gòu)。學(xué)生自治會組織在訓(xùn)練學(xué)生自我管理的能力、培養(yǎng)公民意識和社會責(zé)任感、改善校風(fēng)校貌等方面，實現(xiàn)了訓(xùn)育的目標(biāo)。但學(xué)生自治會的開展也存在缺乏良性的引導(dǎo)、權(quán)力過大缺乏控制、定位取向不明確、易受外界影響等不足，給當(dāng)時學(xué)校正常的教學(xué)秩序的運(yùn)作帶來了一定程度上的負(fù)面影響。 第四，民國早期大學(xué)訓(xùn)育課程。受五四新文化運(yùn)動對傳統(tǒng)文化批判及五四后選科制施行的影響，民國早期大學(xué)訓(xùn)育課程的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了由經(jīng)學(xué)課程向著承載傳統(tǒng)道德教化的國文與倫理學(xué)課程轉(zhuǎn)變，由中央統(tǒng)一規(guī)定施行課程向著各學(xué)校獨立開設(shè)課程轉(zhuǎn)變，并伴隨著自治的開展，以“知”為主的課程訓(xùn)育功能逐漸弱化，傾向于“行”的訓(xùn)育培養(yǎng)方式。 第五，民國早期大學(xué)訓(xùn)育的特點及其對當(dāng)代大學(xué)教育的啟示。民國早期大學(xué)訓(xùn)育在觀念上表現(xiàn)出由以經(jīng)學(xué)為主導(dǎo)向個體本位、社會本位轉(zhuǎn)化，在組織管理上表現(xiàn)出由管控模式向自治模式轉(zhuǎn)變，在知與行上表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)調(diào)知行合一的特點。民國早期大學(xué)訓(xùn)育演變歷程積累了寶貴的歷史經(jīng)驗，對我國當(dāng)代大學(xué)教育改革和發(fā)展具有以下幾點啟示：（1）培養(yǎng)大學(xué)生公民意識和自治能力，是當(dāng)代公民社會的內(nèi)在訴求；（2）實行自治與指導(dǎo)相結(jié)合的管理，是當(dāng)代大學(xué)生管理改革的發(fā)展方向；（3）秉承知行并重的理念，是當(dāng)代大學(xué)生思想品格建構(gòu)的指導(dǎo)原則；（4）增強(qiáng)學(xué)生服務(wù)他人的公共意識，是當(dāng)代大學(xué)生綜合素養(yǎng)的基本要求。
[Abstract]:In this paper, through the historical combing and analysis of the development of the early training, the training system, the training organization and the training course in the Republic of China, this paper presents the track and the characteristics of the evolution of the training and education in the early period of the Republic of China, and then summarizes the practical experience of the training of the university in the period of the Republic of China. In ord to provide a reference for university moral education construction and student management. In particular, the article includes the following aspects: The introduction of the concept of education and education and the development of the early training system of the Republic of China With the introduction of the concept of training and education at the end of the Qing Dynasty, it has experienced the transition from the strict management of the late Qing to the early Qing Dynasty, the education of the primary personality of the people and the education of the self-government before and after the May 4th Movement, and the strict management in the end of the Qing Dynasty on the system of training and education. The Combination of the Management and Training of the People's Republic of China and the Three Development Stage of the Self-government System before and after the May 4th Movement; This process reflects the early recognition of the students' subjectivity in the early Republic of China, which reflects the gradual construction of the system of the students' self-government in the Republic of China. The Second, the University Training in the Early Republic of China The development of the university training organization in this period is the following two characteristics: from the point of view of school management, the training organization of the university has gone through the school supervision department to the training guide and the student's self-government steering committee. From the strength of the student's subjectivity, the organization of the university has gone through the school-oriented, encourages some students to participate in the management of the school affairs, carry out the construction of the school-friendly society, and form the self-organized, self-management and self-supervised student self-government organization with the students as the main body. The third, the student's self-government will In the background of the five-four new cultural movement, the students' self-government, as the form of the self-government, has become the self-government of the university students in the May 4th period, due to the promotion and introduction of the American students' self-government system. The student's self-government will organize the ability to train the students' self-management, train the sense of the citizen and the social responsibility, improve the school appearance of the school, and so on. However, the development of the student's self-government has a lack of good guidance, excessive power and lack of control, the orientation of the location is not clear, the influence of the external limit is not enough, which brings some degree to the operation of the school's normal teaching order The fourth, the Republic of China. On the basis of the influence of the five-four new cultural movement on the traditional culture criticism and the post-May 4th post-election system, the development of the early-stage university training course of the Republic of China has experienced the national communication from the course of the classics to the traditional moral education. In the course of the course of the ethics course, the curriculum transformation is set up in the course of the central unification, and the course of the course is gradually weakened, with the development of the self-government, and the main course of the course is gradually weakened and the "line" is inclined to the "know". The Methods of Training and Training of the University of the Republic of China in the Early Period of the Republic of China; The enlightenment of the contemporary university education is that the early college education in the Republic of China is characterized by the transformation from the management and control mode to the self-governing mode in the management of the organization, as well as on the knowledge and the line. The characteristics of the unity of knowledge and practice are emphasized. The course of the evolution of the college education in the early period of the Republic of China has accumulated valuable historical experience, and it has the following enlightenment to the reform and development of the education of contemporary university in China: (1) To train the citizen consciousness and the self-government of the college students, and it is the contemporary The internal demands of the civil society; (2) the management of the combination of the autonomy and the guidance is the development direction of the contemporary college students' management reform; and (3) the idea of adhering to the knowledge line is the guiding principle of the construction of the ideological character of the contemporary college students; and (4) the students are strengthened. The public awareness of the service of others is the contemporary college students
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G649.29

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 張雪蓉;;1920年代我國現(xiàn)代大學(xué)學(xué)生自治制度研究——以國立東南大學(xué)為中心[J];南京社會科學(xué);2006年12期

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