吉爾曼的高等教育思想研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-27 19:40
【摘要】：丹尼爾·科伊特·吉爾曼(Daniel Coit Gilman)是美國19世紀(jì)30年代至20世紀(jì)初的高等教育思想家和改革家，是當(dāng)時美國研究生教育“大學(xué)化運動”時期最具代表性的人物之一，也是美國歷史上第一所真正意義上的現(xiàn)代研究型大學(xué)——約翰?霍普金斯大學(xué)的首任校長。他的教育思想是當(dāng)時美國高等教育需求的集中反映，所以本論文以吉爾曼的高等教育思想研究為題來探討吉爾曼的高等教育思想，全文分四個部分。 第一部分主要介紹了選題的緣由和意義，梳理了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對吉爾曼的高等教育想研究的情況，以及本研究的主要內(nèi)容和所選用的研究方法。 第二部分主要闡述了吉爾曼生活的時代背景以及吉爾曼的求學(xué)和工作經(jīng)歷。吉爾曼生活的時代正值美國南北戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束的時期。南北戰(zhàn)爭不僅使得美國政治獲得重組，更促進(jìn)了美國經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展。同時，“大學(xué)化運動”的發(fā)展、《莫雷爾法案》的頒布；科學(xué)思潮、實用主義都為美國高等教育的發(fā)展提出了更高的要求，提供了更好的條件，也不斷影響著吉爾曼高等教育思想的形成和發(fā)展。另外，受到德國大學(xué)、洪堡思想的影響，更多的美國學(xué)者開始將德國的教育思想引入美國，這在一定程度上奠定了美國高等教育思想的思想基礎(chǔ)。在這樣的時代背景下，，吉爾曼有機(jī)會接受良好的教育，并且兩次游學(xué)歐洲，為美國帶回了德國大學(xué)的先進(jìn)思想。從歐洲游學(xué)回國，吉爾曼分別就職于耶魯科學(xué)學(xué)院、謝菲爾德理學(xué)院和加利福尼亞大學(xué)。在三所學(xué)院的任職過程中，吉爾曼不斷地實踐著自己的教學(xué)理念，為其出任霍普金斯大學(xué)的校長奠定了理論和實踐的基礎(chǔ)。 第三部分是本論文的中心部分，主要從吉爾曼的大學(xué)辦學(xué)理念、大學(xué)的功能和特點、科學(xué)教育和教學(xué)制度的確立、大學(xué)教師思想和研究生教育幾個部分論述了吉爾曼的高等教育思想。首先，一名校長的大學(xué)理念決定著一所大學(xué)會成為怎樣的大學(xué)。吉爾曼對大學(xué)是什么，大學(xué)應(yīng)該展開什么樣的教學(xué)、怎樣展開教學(xué)等方面都進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述。經(jīng)過加州大學(xué)的初步設(shè)想，到進(jìn)入霍普金斯大學(xué)后對大學(xué)理念的完整論述，吉爾曼的大學(xué)理念得以發(fā)展和完善。其次，在闡述了吉爾曼的大學(xué)理念之后，吉爾曼對大學(xué)功能和特點的認(rèn)識也是不可忽視的內(nèi)容。與美國當(dāng)時傳統(tǒng)的對大學(xué)功能的認(rèn)識不同，吉爾曼非常重視大學(xué)與社會之間的關(guān)系。在美國本土較早地確立了大學(xué)服務(wù)于社會的這一功能。再次，吉爾曼非常重視科學(xué)學(xué)科在美國的地位的確立，不斷完善美國當(dāng)時既有的課程制度。另外吉爾曼重視對教師的管理和培養(yǎng)，建立了完整的教師選聘和培養(yǎng)機(jī)制，既培養(yǎng)了教師對大學(xué)的忠誠度，又為教師進(jìn)行教學(xué)研究活動創(chuàng)造了良好的條件。最后，作為一所研究型大學(xué)，吉爾曼設(shè)定了研究生教育的定位和實施，開創(chuàng)了美國研究型大學(xué)的新紀(jì)元。 第四部分闡述了對吉爾曼的高等教育思想的評價和對我國當(dāng)今高等教育的啟示。吉爾曼的高等教育思想促使美國高等教育的轉(zhuǎn)型，促使高校管理者對怎樣辦大學(xué)、怎樣培養(yǎng)教師進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的思考，喚起大學(xué)教師對展開教學(xué)科研活動熱情。同時，吉爾曼的高等教育思想也為我國大學(xué)的建設(shè)提供了參考和借鑒。
[Abstract]:Daniel Coit Gilman, a higher-education thinker and reformer from the 1930s to the early 20th century, was one of the most representative figures at the time of American postgraduates' educational "university sports". It's the first real modern research university in the history of the United States, John? The head of the Hopkins University. His education thought is the concentration of American higher education demand at that time, so this paper discusses the higher education thought of Gilman by the study of Gilman's higher education thought, and the full text is divided into four parts. The first part mainly introduces the reason and significance of the topic, and then sorts out the situation of the study of the higher education of Gilman at home and abroad, as well as the main contents of this study and the selected research party. The second part mainly expounds the background of Gilman's life and the study and work of Gilman. Experience. The time of Gilman's life is at the end of the American Civil War. During the period of the Civil War, not only the political gain of the United States was reorganized, but the economy of the United States was more promoted. At the same time, the development of the "university sports", the promulgation of the Morel Act, the scientific trend of thought and the pragmatism have put forward higher requirements for the development of higher education in the United States, and provide better conditions and influence the formation of the thought of the Gilman's higher education. Moreover, by the influence of the German university and the Humboldt's thought, more American scholars began to introduce the German educational thought into the United States, which, to a certain extent, established the thought of American higher education. On the basis of such a background, Gilman has the opportunity to receive good education and to go to Europe twice, bringing the United States back to the University of Germany Come back from Europe, Gilman took office at the Yale School of Science, Sheffield and the University of California, respectively. In the course of the three-year college, Gilman has continuously practiced his own teaching idea and laid the theory and practice for him as the principal of the Hopkins University. The third part is the central part of this thesis, mainly from the concept of the university of Gilman, the function and characteristics of the university, the establishment of the scientific education and teaching system, the teacher's thought of the university and the education of the postgraduates, and discusses the high Gillman's high. First, a principal's university concept determines that a university will become What kind of university. Gilman is about the university, what kind of teaching should be carried out by the university, how to carry out the teaching and so on In more detail, through the University of California's initial vision, a complete discussion of the university's philosophy after entering the Hopkins University, the University of Gilman's university concept Secondly, after the definition of the University of Gilman, Gilman's recognition of the function and characteristics of the university is also not Neglected content. Unlike the traditional understanding of the university's function in the United States, Gilman attached great importance to the university and society The relationship between the United States and the United States earlier established the university's service in society Once again, Gilman attached great importance to the establishment of the scientific subject in the United States and improved the United States at that time. In addition, Gilman paid more attention to the management and cultivation of the teachers, and established a complete selection and training mechanism for teachers, both of which trained the teachers' loyalty to the university, and created the teaching research activities for the teachers. In the end, as a research university, Gilman set the orientation and implementation of the post-graduate education, and created the American research-oriented university. The fourth part expounds the evaluation of Gillman's higher education thought and the current situation of our country The enlightenment of higher education. Gilman's higher education thought led to the transformation of the higher education in the United States, which prompted the university administrators to do further thinking about how to train the teachers, and to arouse the teachers of the university to carry out the teaching. At the same time, the higher education thought of Gilman is the construction of our university.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G640
本文編號：2486429
[Abstract]:Daniel Coit Gilman, a higher-education thinker and reformer from the 1930s to the early 20th century, was one of the most representative figures at the time of American postgraduates' educational "university sports". It's the first real modern research university in the history of the United States, John? The head of the Hopkins University. His education thought is the concentration of American higher education demand at that time, so this paper discusses the higher education thought of Gilman by the study of Gilman's higher education thought, and the full text is divided into four parts. The first part mainly introduces the reason and significance of the topic, and then sorts out the situation of the study of the higher education of Gilman at home and abroad, as well as the main contents of this study and the selected research party. The second part mainly expounds the background of Gilman's life and the study and work of Gilman. Experience. The time of Gilman's life is at the end of the American Civil War. During the period of the Civil War, not only the political gain of the United States was reorganized, but the economy of the United States was more promoted. At the same time, the development of the "university sports", the promulgation of the Morel Act, the scientific trend of thought and the pragmatism have put forward higher requirements for the development of higher education in the United States, and provide better conditions and influence the formation of the thought of the Gilman's higher education. Moreover, by the influence of the German university and the Humboldt's thought, more American scholars began to introduce the German educational thought into the United States, which, to a certain extent, established the thought of American higher education. On the basis of such a background, Gilman has the opportunity to receive good education and to go to Europe twice, bringing the United States back to the University of Germany Come back from Europe, Gilman took office at the Yale School of Science, Sheffield and the University of California, respectively. In the course of the three-year college, Gilman has continuously practiced his own teaching idea and laid the theory and practice for him as the principal of the Hopkins University. The third part is the central part of this thesis, mainly from the concept of the university of Gilman, the function and characteristics of the university, the establishment of the scientific education and teaching system, the teacher's thought of the university and the education of the postgraduates, and discusses the high Gillman's high. First, a principal's university concept determines that a university will become What kind of university. Gilman is about the university, what kind of teaching should be carried out by the university, how to carry out the teaching and so on In more detail, through the University of California's initial vision, a complete discussion of the university's philosophy after entering the Hopkins University, the University of Gilman's university concept Secondly, after the definition of the University of Gilman, Gilman's recognition of the function and characteristics of the university is also not Neglected content. Unlike the traditional understanding of the university's function in the United States, Gilman attached great importance to the university and society The relationship between the United States and the United States earlier established the university's service in society Once again, Gilman attached great importance to the establishment of the scientific subject in the United States and improved the United States at that time. In addition, Gilman paid more attention to the management and cultivation of the teachers, and established a complete selection and training mechanism for teachers, both of which trained the teachers' loyalty to the university, and created the teaching research activities for the teachers. In the end, as a research university, Gilman set the orientation and implementation of the post-graduate education, and created the American research-oriented university. The fourth part expounds the evaluation of Gillman's higher education thought and the current situation of our country The enlightenment of higher education. Gilman's higher education thought led to the transformation of the higher education in the United States, which prompted the university administrators to do further thinking about how to train the teachers, and to arouse the teachers of the university to carry out the teaching. At the same time, the higher education thought of Gilman is the construction of our university.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G640
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