發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-14 13:18

【摘要】：批判性思維是一種“有目的性的，對(duì)產(chǎn)生知識(shí)的過(guò)程、理論、方法、背景、證據(jù)和評(píng)價(jià)知識(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等正確與否作出自我調(diào)節(jié)性判斷的思維過(guò)程”。國(guó)內(nèi)外一些研究表明，中國(guó)學(xué)生的批判性思維傾向和能力普遍較弱，一些學(xué)者把此歸結(jié)為中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，認(rèn)為中國(guó)文化影響下的中國(guó)式思維方式與現(xiàn)代意義上的批判性思維相背離。本文通過(guò)實(shí)證研究驗(yàn)證這一問(wèn)題，研究目的如下：一是了解中國(guó)高校學(xué)生批判性思維傾向現(xiàn)狀和中國(guó)式思維現(xiàn)狀，二是探索兩者之間的關(guān)系。 本研究采用問(wèn)卷調(diào)查為工具，受試者是409名華中科技大學(xué)在讀本科生和研究生。問(wèn)卷分兩部分，，第一部分為侯玉波等人設(shè)計(jì)的中國(guó)人整體思維方式量表，第二部分為費(fèi)熊尼等人設(shè)計(jì)的《加利福尼亞批判性思維傾向問(wèn)卷》中文版。以往的研究表明兩份量表有較好的信效度。 研究結(jié)果表明：1）被試高校學(xué)生大體上呈現(xiàn)出正性的批判性思維傾向，但只是剛剛超過(guò)臨界值，與國(guó)外大學(xué)生相比差距較大，中國(guó)學(xué)生尤其在求真度和思想開(kāi)放性上表現(xiàn)較弱；2）被試高校學(xué)生的中國(guó)式整體思維方式表現(xiàn)出最多的聯(lián)系性特征，其次是矛盾性和變化性；3）中國(guó)式思維方式的三個(gè)特性與批判性思維傾向均有顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系，其中聯(lián)系性與批判性思維傾向呈正相關(guān)；矛盾性和變化性與批判性思維傾向呈負(fù)相關(guān)，但關(guān)系較弱；4）中國(guó)式思維方式不能完全解釋批判性思維傾向的強(qiáng)弱，除此之外還有其他未知變量影響了中國(guó)高校學(xué)生的批判性思維傾向。 本研究結(jié)果的啟示是：在高等教育中提高中國(guó)學(xué)生的批判性思維勢(shì)在必行，但不能完全把中國(guó)學(xué)生較弱的批判性思維歸結(jié)于中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮中國(guó)式思維中對(duì)批判性思維的積極因素，減少其消極因素，以此促進(jìn)學(xué)生的批判性思維水平。
[Abstract]:Critical thinking is a "purposeful, self-regulating process of thinking about the process, theory, method, background, evidence, and criteria for evaluating knowledge". Some studies at home and abroad have shown that Chinese students generally have weak critical thinking tendencies and abilities, which some scholars attribute to traditional Chinese culture. It is believed that the Chinese mode of thinking under the influence of Chinese culture deviates from the critical thinking in the modern sense. The purpose of this study is as follows: first, to understand the current situation of critical thinking and Chinese thinking of Chinese college students, and second, to explore the relationship between them. The subjects were 409 undergraduates and postgraduates of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The questionnaire is divided into two parts. The first part is the Chinese overall thinking style scale designed by Hou Yubo et al. The second part is the Chinese version of California critical thinking disposition questionnaire designed by Feixione et al. Previous studies have shown that the two scales have good reliability and validity. The results show that: 1) the students in colleges and universities generally show positive critical thinking tendency, but they have just exceeded the critical value, and there is a big gap compared with the foreign college students. Chinese students, especially in the degree of seeking truth and ideological openness performance is weak; 2) the Chinese mode of thinking of the students in colleges and universities shows the most associated characteristics, followed by contradiction and variation; 3) the three characteristics of Chinese mode of thinking have significant correlation with the tendency of critical thinking, among which the relation between the relation and the tendency of critical thinking is positive, the contradiction and variation are negatively correlated with the tendency of critical thinking, but the relationship is weak. 4) Chinese mode of thinking can not fully explain the strength of critical thinking tendency, in addition to other unknown variables affect the critical thinking tendency of Chinese college students. The enlightenment of this study is that it is imperative to improve the critical thinking of Chinese students in higher education, but the weaker critical thinking of Chinese students cannot be attributed to Chinese traditional culture. The positive factors of critical thinking in Chinese thinking should be brought into full play and the negative factors should be reduced in order to promote the students' critical thinking level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G645.5

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