【摘要】：目的：旨在了解醫(yī)學(xué)本科生艾滋病相關(guān)知識(shí)的知曉率,分析醫(yī)學(xué)生對(duì)艾滋病的歧視現(xiàn)狀及檢測(cè)意愿,并探索影響人群艾滋病檢測(cè)意愿的可能因素,為進(jìn)一步開(kāi)展艾滋病綜合防治工作提供背景資料,也為更有效地制定艾滋病健康教育及干預(yù)措施提供參考依據(jù)。 材料及方法：于2011年2月采用分層整群隨機(jī)抽樣方法,抽取天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)護(hù)理、臨床五年制、臨床七年制、衛(wèi)生事業(yè)管理、眼視光、醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)、醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)、醫(yī)學(xué)影像五年制、影像七年制、預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)共10個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)的在校學(xué)生,包括大一、大二、大三、大四各年級(jí),共計(jì)997人。采用匿名填寫(xiě)方式進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,并當(dāng)場(chǎng)收回問(wèn)卷。調(diào)查內(nèi)容包括一般人口學(xué)資料：性別、年齡、民族、年級(jí)、專(zhuān)業(yè)、學(xué)制及家庭月收入；艾滋病相關(guān)知識(shí)：包括艾滋病一般知識(shí)、傳播途徑知識(shí)、非傳播途徑知識(shí)、預(yù)防知識(shí),共12個(gè)問(wèn)題；對(duì)艾滋病的歧視態(tài)度：是否介意同艾滋病感染者社交接觸、共用醫(yī)療設(shè)施等24個(gè)問(wèn)題；參與艾滋病檢測(cè)意愿：是否愿意參加檢測(cè)、若感染是否愿意告知身邊人等6個(gè)問(wèn)題。全部調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)錄入均在Excel中進(jìn)行,采用SPSS15.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行描述和分析。統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查對(duì)象對(duì)于艾滋病知識(shí)的知曉率,并分性別、家庭月收入、年級(jí)分別計(jì)算知曉率,采用卡方檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行知曉率的比較。艾滋病歧視部分所調(diào)查的24個(gè)問(wèn)題按照歧視性回答、非歧視性回答、不確定3類(lèi)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)描述。艾滋病檢測(cè)意愿的影響因素分析采用非條件Logistic回歸,將是否愿意參加艾滋病檢測(cè)作為應(yīng)變量,性別、年齡、民族、年級(jí)、專(zhuān)業(yè)、家庭月收入、艾滋病知識(shí)得分、艾滋病歧視態(tài)度得分作為自變量。 結(jié)果：本次共發(fā)放問(wèn)卷997份,收回問(wèn)卷997份,其中有效問(wèn)卷986份,問(wèn)卷有效率為98.9%。調(diào)查學(xué)生的年齡為(21.928±1.302)歲,最小19歲,最大26歲。在調(diào)查的12個(gè)艾滋病知識(shí)中,有8個(gè)問(wèn)題的知曉率均為90%以上。知曉率相對(duì)較低的問(wèn)題及知曉率為：75.6%的人知曉“從外表不能判斷一個(gè)人感染艾滋病”,有84.1%的人知曉“如果母親是艾滋病感染者,母乳喂養(yǎng)可以傳播給嬰兒”,有84.9%的人知曉“保持一個(gè)未感染艾滋病病毒的性伴能降低艾滋病傳播的危險(xiǎn)”,僅有60.2%的人知曉“蚊蟲(chóng)叮咬不會(huì)傳播艾滋病病毒”。男性對(duì)于“感染了艾滋病病毒的孕婦能將艾滋病病毒傳染給她的孩子”和“受艾滋病病毒感染的婦女生下的小孩可能患艾滋病”的知曉率均高于女性(P0.05)。家庭月收入3000元、3000-4999元、5000-7999元、≥8000元的調(diào)查對(duì)象對(duì)于“感染了艾滋病病毒的孕婦能將艾滋病病毒傳染給她的孩子”、“與艾滋病感染者握手、擁抱是否會(huì)傳播艾滋病”的知曉率差別有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),但未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的變化規(guī)律。大一、大二、大三、大四年級(jí)調(diào)查對(duì)象對(duì)于部分問(wèn)題的知曉率差別有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P0.05),但亦未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的變化規(guī)律。調(diào)查對(duì)象對(duì)艾滋病的歧視態(tài)度最嚴(yán)重的三項(xiàng)依次為：75.1%的人認(rèn)為“因性亂而感染HIV的人,不值得人們同情”,68.9%的人認(rèn)為“不應(yīng)允許感染HIV的醫(yī)護(hù)人員繼續(xù)工作”,68.8%的人認(rèn)為“因吸毒而感染HIV的人,不值得人們同情”。有6.19%的調(diào)查對(duì)象認(rèn)為自己可能感染艾滋病,有82.76%的人愿意參加HIV免費(fèi)檢測(cè)。如果感染了艾滋病,有23.23%的人認(rèn)為有必要對(duì)周?chē)穗[瞞。如要向別人透露,有82.45%的人會(huì)告訴父母、兄弟、姐妹,有93.41%的人會(huì)告訴配偶、性伴,只有50.71%的人會(huì)告訴朋友。艾滋病檢測(cè)意愿影響因素的多因素非條件Logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,艾滋病知識(shí)得分、艾滋病歧視態(tài)度得分進(jìn)入模型(P0.05),艾滋病知識(shí)得分變量的優(yōu)勢(shì)比為2.717,95%CI為1.695～4.357,表示對(duì)艾滋病知識(shí)更為了解時(shí),調(diào)查對(duì)象參與艾滋病檢測(cè)的意愿會(huì)有所增加。艾滋病歧視態(tài)度得分變量的優(yōu)勢(shì)比為0.601,95%CI為0.461～0.785,表示對(duì)艾滋病歧視程度越高,調(diào)查對(duì)象參與艾滋病檢測(cè)的意愿會(huì)越低。未發(fā)現(xiàn)其他變量與艾滋病檢測(cè)意愿有關(guān)(P0.05)。 結(jié)論：醫(yī)學(xué)本科生對(duì)艾滋病知識(shí)的知曉率普遍較高,但對(duì)艾滋病存在較嚴(yán)重的歧視態(tài)度。掌握艾滋病相關(guān)防治知識(shí),確立對(duì)艾滋病的正確態(tài)度,將有助于其參與自愿咨詢(xún)檢測(cè)。
[Abstract]:Objective: To understand the awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge among medical undergraduates, analyze the status of discrimination against AIDS and their willingness to test, and explore the possible factors affecting the willingness to test AIDS among medical undergraduates, so as to provide background information for further comprehensive prevention and treatment of AIDS, and to formulate AIDS health education more effectively. Provide reference for intervention measures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In February 2011, stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select nursing students from Tianjin Medical University, including freshmen, sophomores, juniors and college students majoring in preventive medicine. Fourth grade, a total of 997 people. Anonymous questionnaire was used to fill out the questionnaire and collect the questionnaire on the spot. The survey included general demographic data: gender, age, nationality, grade, specialty, education system and family monthly income; AIDS-related knowledge: including general knowledge of AIDS, knowledge of transmission routes, knowledge of non-transmission routes, prevention knowledge. Twelve questions, 12 questions altogether; Discriminatory attitudes towards AIDS: whether to accept social contact with people living with AIDS, sharing medical facilities and other 24 questions; willingness to participate in AIDS testing: whether to participate in testing, if the infection is willing to inform others and other six questions. The knowledge rate of AIDS was calculated by gender, monthly family income and grade respectively, and was compared by chi-square test. The 24 questionnaires of AIDS discrimination were described by discriminatory answer, non-discriminatory answer and uncertainty. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of willingness to take part in AIDS testing. The willingness to take part in AIDS testing was taken as an independent variable, including gender, age, nationality, grade, specialty, family monthly income, AIDS knowledge score and AIDS discriminatory attitude score.
Results: A total of 997 questionnaires were sent out and 997 questionnaires were retrieved, of which 986 were valid, with an effective rate of 98.9%. The age of the students surveyed was (21.928 [1.302] years old, the youngest 19 years old and the oldest 26 years old. 6% knew that "one can not judge from the appearance of a person infected with AIDS", 84.1% knew that "if the mother is infected with AIDS, breastfeeding can be transmitted to infants", 84.9% knew that "maintaining a non-infected sexual partner can reduce the risk of AIDS transmission", only 60.2% knew "mosquitoes". Bites do not transmit HIV.Men have higher awareness of the fact that "pregnant women infected with HIV can transmit HIV to their children" and that "children born to HIV-infected women may be infected with AIDS" than women (P 0.05). Family income is 3,000 yuan, 3,000-4,999 yuan, 5,000-7,999 yuan, or more than 8,000 yuan. There were significant differences in the awareness rates of "pregnant women infected with HIV can transmit HIV to their children" and "shaking hands with HIV-infected people, hugging whether AIDS will spread" among the respondents (P 0.05), but no obvious changes were found. The three most serious discriminatory attitudes towards AIDS were as follows: 75.1% of the respondents believed that "people infected with HIV due to sexual disorder are not worthy of sympathy," and 68.9% of the respondents believed that "medical staff infected with HIV should not be allowed to continue working." Sixty-nine percent of the respondents thought that they might be infected with AIDS, and 82.76 percent would take part in free HIV testing. 93.41% of parents, brothers and sisters told their spouses and sexual partners, and only 50.71% told their friends. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that AIDS knowledge score, AIDS discrimination attitude score entered the model (P 0.05), and the dominant ratio of AIDS knowledge score variables was 2.717. 95% CI was 1.695-4.357, indicating that the willingness of respondents to participate in AIDS testing would increase when they knew more about AIDS knowledge. The dominant ratio of AIDS discriminatory attitudes was 0.601, 95% CI was 0.461-0.785, indicating that the higher the degree of discrimination against AIDS, the lower the willingness of respondents to participate in AIDS testing. His variables were related to the willingness to detect AIDS (P0.05).
Conclusion: Medical undergraduates generally have a higher awareness rate of AIDS knowledge, but have a more serious discriminatory attitude towards AIDS. Mastering AIDS-related knowledge and establishing a correct attitude towards AIDS will help them to participate in voluntary counseling and testing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G645.5;R193

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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