【摘要】：專業(yè)是人才培養(yǎng)的平臺(tái)，專業(yè)建設(shè)作為推進(jìn)高等教育改革、促進(jìn)教育可持續(xù)發(fā)展的切入點(diǎn)，其質(zhì)量將直接決定高校人才培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量。在西部大開發(fā)的背景下，向西傾斜政策的提出提升了新疆在全國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)中的戰(zhàn)略地位。新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展對(duì)各級(jí)各類專業(yè)人才的培養(yǎng)提出了更高的要求，這也成為新疆高等教育發(fā)展面臨的艱巨任務(wù)。專業(yè)建設(shè)對(duì)于高校人才培養(yǎng)具有重要的意義，科學(xué)、合理地設(shè)立專業(yè)既是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的必然要求，也是提高高校辦學(xué)質(zhì)量和效益，保持教育可持續(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力。 本研究通過自編的“新疆高校專業(yè)建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀與對(duì)策研究”調(diào)查問卷對(duì)新疆7所高校的全日制在讀本科生進(jìn)行隨機(jī)抽樣調(diào)查，主要內(nèi)容涉及“學(xué)生自身”、“學(xué)校情況”、“社會(huì)需求”三方面，，意在從三個(gè)角度來全面反映新疆高校專業(yè)建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀，“學(xué)校情況”是問卷的主體部分，具體包括師資情況、課程建設(shè)、教輔條件、實(shí)踐教學(xué)、培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量五個(gè)維度。運(yùn)用Excel數(shù)據(jù)分析平臺(tái)和SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行錄入及相關(guān)的統(tǒng)計(jì)處理，并結(jié)合訪談內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了深入分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，新疆高校專業(yè)建設(shè)存在較為突出的問題，主要體現(xiàn)在：專業(yè)師資情況有待改善；課程建設(shè)中的“短視行為”；專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)效果較不理想；專業(yè)培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量有待提高；專業(yè)建設(shè)中缺乏學(xué)生參與；高校專業(yè)調(diào)整較為滯后；合理的專業(yè)進(jìn)入與退出機(jī)制的缺失；過于追求學(xué)科門類齊全，忽視特色發(fā)展。基于訪談內(nèi)容本研究認(rèn)為引起新疆高校專業(yè)建設(shè)存在問題的原因是多方面的，主要表現(xiàn)為：專業(yè)師資培養(yǎng)投入力度不夠；對(duì)課程建設(shè)重視不夠；對(duì)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)效果重視不夠；缺乏科學(xué)合理的專業(yè)培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量監(jiān)控體系；管理者欠缺引導(dǎo)學(xué)生參與專業(yè)建設(shè)的意識(shí)；高校專業(yè)發(fā)展對(duì)社會(huì)需求的適應(yīng)性較低；尚未建立科學(xué)合理的專業(yè)管理體系；學(xué)校發(fā)展思路不夠清晰，辦學(xué)定位不夠明確。在此基礎(chǔ)上，本研究立足于新疆高校專業(yè)發(fā)展的實(shí)際，提出了針對(duì)新疆高校專業(yè)建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀的對(duì)策建議：強(qiáng)化專業(yè)師資建設(shè)；加大課程建設(shè)的力度；多途徑加強(qiáng)專業(yè)實(shí)踐教學(xué)效果；大力提升專業(yè)培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量；鼓勵(lì)、引導(dǎo)學(xué)生參與專業(yè)建設(shè)；增強(qiáng)專業(yè)發(fā)展與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的適應(yīng)性；建立合理的專業(yè)進(jìn)入與退出機(jī)制；明確高校發(fā)展定位，加強(qiáng)品牌特色專業(yè)建設(shè)。 本研究有利于豐富新疆高校專業(yè)建設(shè)基本理論；有助于挖掘新疆高校專業(yè)建設(shè)存在的問題及其深層原因；為新疆高等教育教學(xué)改革提供實(shí)證依據(jù)；有利于推動(dòng)新疆高等教育的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，并最終有利于新疆經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展和長治久安目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Specialty is the platform of talent training. As a starting point to promote the reform of higher education and promote the sustainable development of education, the quality of specialty will directly determine the quality of talent training in colleges and universities. Under the background of the development of the western region, the policy of tilting to the west has promoted the strategic position of Xinjiang in the modernization construction of the whole country. The stable development of economy and society in Xinjiang has put forward higher requirements for the cultivation of professionals of all levels and kinds, which has become the arduous task facing the development of higher education in Xinjiang. The construction of major is of great significance to the cultivation of talents in colleges and universities. The scientific and reasonable setting up of major is not only the inevitable requirement of economic and social development, but also the internal motive force to improve the quality and benefit of running schools in colleges and universities, and to maintain the sustainable development of education. This study conducted a random sampling survey of full-time undergraduate students in 7 universities in Xinjiang by the questionnaire of "the present situation and Countermeasures of Professional Construction in Xinjiang Universities", the main contents of which were "students themselves" and "the situation of schools". The three aspects of "social demand" are intended to reflect the present situation of professional construction in Xinjiang's universities from three angles. The "school situation" is the main part of the questionnaire, which includes the situation of teachers, curriculum construction, teaching auxiliary conditions, practical teaching, etc. Five dimensions of training quality. The Excel data analysis platform and SPSS17.0 statistical software are used to input the survey data and the related statistical processing, and the in-depth analysis is carried out in combination with the content of the interview. It is found that there are some outstanding problems in the specialty construction of colleges and universities in Xinjiang, such as: the situation of professional teachers needs to be improved; the "short-sighted behavior" in the course construction; the effect of professional practice teaching is not ideal; the quality of specialty training needs to be improved; Lack of student participation in professional construction; professional adjustment in universities lag behind; lack of reasonable professional entry and exit mechanism; too much pursuit of a complete range of disciplines, ignoring the development of characteristics. Based on the interview content, this study thinks that there are many reasons for the problems in the professional construction of Xinjiang universities, which are mainly shown as follows: insufficient investment in the training of professional teachers, insufficient attention to curriculum construction, insufficient attention to the effect of professional practical teaching; Lack of scientific and reasonable professional training quality monitoring system; managers lack of awareness to guide students to participate in professional construction; College professional development has low adaptability to social needs; scientific and reasonable professional management system has not been established; The idea of school development is not clear enough, and the orientation of school running is not clear enough. On this basis, this study is based on the reality of professional development in Xinjiang colleges and universities, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the current situation of professional construction in Xinjiang universities: strengthening the construction of professional teachers, strengthening the construction of courses; To strengthen the effect of professional practice teaching, to improve the quality of specialty cultivation, to encourage and guide students to participate in professional construction, to enhance the adaptability between professional development and regional economy, to establish a reasonable mechanism of professional entry and withdrawal; Make clear the development orientation of colleges and universities and strengthen the construction of specialty with brand characteristics. This study is helpful to enrich the basic theory of professional construction in Xinjiang colleges and universities, to dig out the existing problems and the deep causes of professional construction in Xinjiang colleges and universities, to provide an empirical basis for the teaching reform of higher education in Xinjiang. It is propitious to promote the sustainable development of higher education in Xinjiang, and finally benefit the stable development of economy and society in Xinjiang and the realization of the goal of long-term stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G642.3

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