【摘要】：《計算機控制系統(tǒng)》是機械類機電專業(yè)的一門必修課程,其研究對象為線性或近似線性的離散系統(tǒng)。在研究該系統(tǒng)物理模型過程中,首先需要解決其數(shù)學(xué)描述、模型建立以及分析工具的問題,但在實際教學(xué)過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生較難理解計算機控制理論的數(shù)學(xué)模型——脈沖傳遞函數(shù),所以迫切的需要增加實驗環(huán)節(jié),將枯燥的理論知識進行可視化,增加學(xué)生對計算機控制理論的感性認識,提高學(xué)習(xí)效果。然而搭建計算機控制系統(tǒng)的實驗平臺,需要購買特定的實驗儀器,這將大大地增加教學(xué)成本。但隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)水平的發(fā)展,一種綜合了計算機技術(shù)、軟件工程技術(shù)、數(shù)字信號處理技術(shù)的虛擬儀器技術(shù)的出現(xiàn),提供了新的解決途徑。我們可以運用計算機強大的計算功能和圖像處理能力,建立起計算機控制虛擬實驗系統(tǒng)完成教學(xué)實驗。 計算機控制虛擬實驗系統(tǒng)選用了虛擬儀器編程軟件Lab VIEW2010作為開發(fā)環(huán)境,并結(jié)合使用了控制設(shè)計與仿真工具包和PID和Fuzzy Logic工具包,利用該軟件在圖形化編程方式以及交互式仿真方面的優(yōu)勢,完成虛擬實驗系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)。 該教學(xué)虛擬實驗系統(tǒng)針對《計算機控制系統(tǒng)》課程中所涉及的基本概念和理論定理進行介紹和實驗分析。包括香農(nóng)時域采樣定理的演示實驗,實現(xiàn)線性連續(xù)系統(tǒng)離散化的實驗,根據(jù)脈沖傳遞函數(shù)判定系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性、穩(wěn)態(tài)特性以及動態(tài)特性的驗證實驗,數(shù)字控制器設(shè)計方法的介紹實驗,以及PID位置控制器、最小拍控制器的算法設(shè)計實驗；最后以采煤機滾筒調(diào)高控制系統(tǒng)、車床進給伺服控制系統(tǒng)和雙容水箱液位控制系統(tǒng)為例,展示了計算機控制理論的應(yīng)用。 在系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計過程中,由于該虛擬實驗系統(tǒng)包括了多個子實驗內(nèi)容,為了避免各個模塊運行時發(fā)生沖突,所以主程序采用了基于生產(chǎn)者／消費者模式的整體架構(gòu),并運用了子面板技術(shù)和動態(tài)調(diào)用VI技術(shù),解決各個實驗前面板在主程序界面的載入和顯示問題。另外通過設(shè)置窗口顏色顯示屬性以及優(yōu)化控件之間的布局,美化系統(tǒng)操作界面。 該虛擬實驗系統(tǒng)配置要求低、操作簡單容易,并完全配合《計算機控制系統(tǒng)》的教學(xué)內(nèi)容,其展示的結(jié)果和曲線都是根據(jù)輸入的參數(shù)計算獲得,在可視性、互動性和科學(xué)性方面具有突出優(yōu)勢�，F(xiàn)已開始應(yīng)用于教學(xué)當(dāng)中,并收到了良好的效果。因此,利用計算機為本科教學(xué)設(shè)計和開發(fā)一個合適和綜合的計算機控制理論虛擬教學(xué)實驗系統(tǒng)是具有實際意義的,并且可作為大學(xué)實驗室的未來發(fā)展趨勢。
[Abstract]:Computer control system is a compulsory course for mechanical and electrical specialty. Its research object is linear or approximate linear discrete system. In the process of studying the physical model of the system, we need to solve the problems of mathematical description, modeling and analysis tools, but in the process of teaching, It is found that it is difficult for students to understand the mathematical model of computer control theory-pulse transfer function. Therefore, it is urgent to increase the experimental links, visualize the dull theoretical knowledge, and increase the students' perceptual understanding of computer control theory. Improve the learning effect. However, to build the experimental platform of computer control system, we need to purchase specific experimental instruments, which will greatly increase the cost of teaching. However, with the development of science and technology, the emergence of a kind of virtual instrument technology which integrates computer technology, software engineering technology and digital signal processing technology provides a new way to solve the problem. We can use the powerful computing function and image processing ability of computer to set up a computer controlled virtual experiment system to complete the teaching experiment. Virtual instrument programming software Lab VIEW2010 is used as the development environment in the computer control virtual experiment system, and the control design and simulation toolkits, PID and Fuzzy Logic toolkits are used in combination. The development of virtual experiment system is completed by taking advantage of the software in graphical programming and interactive simulation. The teaching virtual experiment system introduces and analyzes the basic concepts and theoretical theorems involved in the course of computer Control system. Including the demonstration experiment of Shannon's time domain sampling theorem, the experiment of realizing discretization of linear continuous system, and the verification experiment of system stability, steady state characteristic and dynamic characteristic according to pulse transfer function. This paper introduces the design method of digital controller, the algorithm design experiment of PID position controller and minimum beat controller, and finally takes the control system of drum height adjustment of shearer, the servo control system of lathe feed and the liquid level control system of double tank as examples. The application of computer control theory is demonstrated. In the overall design process of the system, because the virtual experimental system includes many sub-experiments, in order to avoid the collision of each module, the main program adopts the overall framework based on producer / consumer mode. The technology of subpanel and dynamic calling VI are used to solve the loading and displaying problem of each experimental front panel in the main program interface. In addition, by setting the window color display properties and optimizing the layout between controls, beautify the system operation interface. The virtual experimental system has the advantages of low configuration requirements, simple and easy operation, and full cooperation with the teaching contents of "computer Control system". The results and curves shown are calculated according to the input parameters, and are obtained in visibility. Interactive and scientific aspects have outstanding advantages. It has been applied to teaching and has achieved good results. Therefore, it is of practical significance to use computer to design and develop a suitable and comprehensive virtual teaching experiment system of computer control theory for undergraduate teaching, and it can be regarded as the future development trend of university laboratory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP273.5-4;G642

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