MIT創(chuàng)業(yè)型大學發(fā)展史研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-14 09:43
【摘要】：近年來，中國高等教育的辦學體量與規(guī)模不斷增大，辦學層次也在逐步提高，但建設(shè)世界一流大學仍然是國人的一個夢想。世界一流大學的標準是什么？如何建設(shè)世界一流大學？怎樣培養(yǎng)大學生的創(chuàng)新精神？這些一直是備受我國高等教育界專家、學者和高等教育管理者、決策者關(guān)注的問題。眾所周知的是，美國擁有世界公認的高水平大學群，美國的高等教育在為社會發(fā)展提供高質(zhì)量服務方面走在了世界各國的前列，并且在其發(fā)展歷程中誕生了一種獨特的大學模式——創(chuàng)業(yè)型大學（entrepreneurial university），在高等教育領(lǐng)域享有盛譽的麻省理工學院（MIT）即是此類大學的典型代表。 在美國，MIT被譽為第一所創(chuàng)業(yè)型大學，因為它自創(chuàng)立之日起，就沒有套用任何一種傳統(tǒng)的大學模式，而是從大學的職能的層面上積極平衡教學、科研和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展三者之關(guān)系，使三者之間保持了一種創(chuàng)造性的張力。早在初創(chuàng)時期，MIT的創(chuàng)始人威廉羅杰斯（William B. Rogers）就結(jié)合自己對大學的理解率先提出了開辦創(chuàng)業(yè)型大學的設(shè)想，并以此為指導帶領(lǐng)MIT在創(chuàng)業(yè)科學領(lǐng)域進行了積極嘗試。 進入20世紀后，兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)為MIT創(chuàng)業(yè)型大學的發(fā)展提供了歷史機遇，，多層次、多領(lǐng)域的軍工研究為MIT創(chuàng)業(yè)型大學的形成奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)，以基礎(chǔ)研究與產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新有機融合為特征的MIT模式成為美國高等教育的榜樣。二戰(zhàn)之后，在繼續(xù)推動軍工研究的基礎(chǔ)上，MIT創(chuàng)業(yè)型大學的模式得到進一步發(fā)展和完善，大學與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展之間的聯(lián)系更加密切，并由此產(chǎn)生了大學—產(chǎn)業(yè)—政府三位一體的“三螺旋”戰(zhàn)略模式，這為MIT在創(chuàng)業(yè)型大學道路上的快速健康發(fā)展提供了更加完善和科學的理論支撐。 MIT成功的辦學經(jīng)歷，尤其是其作為創(chuàng)業(yè)型大學的發(fā)展歷程，值得人們認真思考和探究。MIT重視技術(shù)教育并將其與人文、科學教育共存共融的教育理念，亦對我國建設(shè)世界一流大學有顯著的現(xiàn)實借鑒意義。本文以此為主題和出發(fā)點，采用歷史文獻法、比較分析法、個案解析法等研究方法，以創(chuàng)業(yè)型大學模式的形成、發(fā)展與完善為脈絡(luò)，對MIT一百五十年的辦學歷程進行了縱向梳理，旨在以創(chuàng)業(yè)科學為視角透射出創(chuàng)業(yè)型大學的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，涵蓋新型文化價值觀、新型師生關(guān)系、新型授課方式、新型課程體系建設(shè)、新型社會關(guān)系以及新型教學、科研管理模式和新型教育管理戰(zhàn)略等內(nèi)容，從而為我國大學的發(fā)展提供一定的歷史參照。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number and scale of higher education in China have been increasing, and the level of running schools has been gradually improved. However, the construction of world-class universities is still a dream of Chinese people. What are the standards of world-class universities? How to build a world-class university? How to cultivate the innovative spirit of college students? These problems have always been concerned by experts, scholars, administrators and decision makers of higher education in China. It is well known that the United States has a recognized high level of universities in the world, and that its higher education is at the forefront of the world in providing high-quality services for social development. And in the course of its development, a unique university model has emerged. The entrepreneurial university (entrepreneurial university), is a typical representative of such universities. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which enjoys a high reputation in the field of higher education, is a typical example of this kind of university. In the United States, MIT is known as the first entrepreneurial university, because it has not applied any traditional university model since its founding, but has actively balanced the relationship between teaching, scientific research and economic development from the level of the university's functions. Keep a creative tension between the three. William B. Rogers, the founder of MIT in his early days, first put forward the idea of starting an entrepreneurial university with his own understanding of the university, and guided MIT to make an active attempt in the field of entrepreneurial science. After entering the 20th century, the outbreak of the two world wars has provided a historical opportunity for the development of the MIT entrepreneurial university. The multi-level and multi-field military industry research has laid a solid foundation for the formation of the MIT entrepreneurial university. The MIT model, characterized by the organic integration of basic research and industrial innovation, has become an example of American higher education. After World War II, on the basis of continuing to promote military industry research, the model of MIT entrepreneurial universities was further developed and perfected, and the relationship between universities and regional economic development became closer. From this, the "triple helix" strategic mode of university-industry-government trinity emerged, which provided a more perfect and scientific theoretical support for the rapid and healthy development of MIT on the road of entrepreneurial university. Especially, as a entrepreneurial university, it is worth people to seriously think about and explore the educational idea of paying attention to technology education and co-existing it with humanities and science education. It also has significant practical significance for the construction of world-class universities in China. This article takes this as the theme and starting point, uses the historical literature method, the comparative analysis method, the case analysis method and so on research method, takes the entrepreneurial university pattern formation, the development and the consummation as the vein, In this paper, the history of running a school for 150 years at MIT is vertically combed in order to reflect the ecosystem of entrepreneurial universities from the perspective of entrepreneurial science, covering the new cultural values, the new teacher-student relationship, the new teaching methods, and the construction of a new curriculum system. The new social relations, the new teaching, the scientific research management model and the new educational management strategy provide a certain historical reference for the development of our universities.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G649.29
本文編號：2121252
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number and scale of higher education in China have been increasing, and the level of running schools has been gradually improved. However, the construction of world-class universities is still a dream of Chinese people. What are the standards of world-class universities? How to build a world-class university? How to cultivate the innovative spirit of college students? These problems have always been concerned by experts, scholars, administrators and decision makers of higher education in China. It is well known that the United States has a recognized high level of universities in the world, and that its higher education is at the forefront of the world in providing high-quality services for social development. And in the course of its development, a unique university model has emerged. The entrepreneurial university (entrepreneurial university), is a typical representative of such universities. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), which enjoys a high reputation in the field of higher education, is a typical example of this kind of university. In the United States, MIT is known as the first entrepreneurial university, because it has not applied any traditional university model since its founding, but has actively balanced the relationship between teaching, scientific research and economic development from the level of the university's functions. Keep a creative tension between the three. William B. Rogers, the founder of MIT in his early days, first put forward the idea of starting an entrepreneurial university with his own understanding of the university, and guided MIT to make an active attempt in the field of entrepreneurial science. After entering the 20th century, the outbreak of the two world wars has provided a historical opportunity for the development of the MIT entrepreneurial university. The multi-level and multi-field military industry research has laid a solid foundation for the formation of the MIT entrepreneurial university. The MIT model, characterized by the organic integration of basic research and industrial innovation, has become an example of American higher education. After World War II, on the basis of continuing to promote military industry research, the model of MIT entrepreneurial universities was further developed and perfected, and the relationship between universities and regional economic development became closer. From this, the "triple helix" strategic mode of university-industry-government trinity emerged, which provided a more perfect and scientific theoretical support for the rapid and healthy development of MIT on the road of entrepreneurial university. Especially, as a entrepreneurial university, it is worth people to seriously think about and explore the educational idea of paying attention to technology education and co-existing it with humanities and science education. It also has significant practical significance for the construction of world-class universities in China. This article takes this as the theme and starting point, uses the historical literature method, the comparative analysis method, the case analysis method and so on research method, takes the entrepreneurial university pattern formation, the development and the consummation as the vein, In this paper, the history of running a school for 150 years at MIT is vertically combed in order to reflect the ecosystem of entrepreneurial universities from the perspective of entrepreneurial science, covering the new cultural values, the new teacher-student relationship, the new teaching methods, and the construction of a new curriculum system. The new social relations, the new teaching, the scientific research management model and the new educational management strategy provide a certain historical reference for the development of our universities.
【學位授予單位】：河北大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G649.29
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