本文選題：普通高校 + 本科專業(yè)　； 參考：《安徽大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展需要高質(zhì)量人才的推動(dòng)。高等學(xué)校承擔(dān)著人才培養(yǎng)的重任,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展與科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步都離不開(kāi)綜合性專業(yè)人才的貢獻(xiàn)。然而自1999年我國(guó)高等學(xué)校擴(kuò)大招生規(guī)模以來(lái),本科畢業(yè)生就業(yè)越來(lái)越難的問(wèn)題引起了社會(huì)各界廣泛而持續(xù)地關(guān)注。追本溯源發(fā)現(xiàn),畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)狀況與我國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校本科專業(yè)的設(shè)置有直接聯(lián)系,二者相互作用、相互影響。由于專業(yè)是培養(yǎng)人才的基本單位,是高等學(xué)校進(jìn)行人才培養(yǎng)模式改革的基礎(chǔ),因此高校本科專業(yè)怎樣設(shè)置才能滿足社會(huì)對(duì)不同類型人才的需求；專業(yè)設(shè)置又如何調(diào)整才能保障本科教育的質(zhì)量；高校在設(shè)置本科專業(yè)時(shí)要受到哪些因素的限制、又有哪些優(yōu)勢(shì)可以利用等問(wèn)題隨之而來(lái)。想要解決這些問(wèn)題,深入研究本科專業(yè)設(shè)置就顯得尤為必要了。 本文試圖從我國(guó)普通高校本科專業(yè)設(shè)置的現(xiàn)狀入手,在闡述專業(yè)設(shè)置的相關(guān)概念、歷史背景和研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)普通高校本科專業(yè)設(shè)置所面臨的問(wèn)題和影響因素進(jìn)行分析,同時(shí)選取美國(guó)本科專業(yè)設(shè)置作為比較研究的對(duì)象,以期探討出具有可行性的普通高校本科專業(yè)設(shè)置的對(duì)策。 目前我國(guó)普通高校在本科專業(yè)設(shè)置方面滋生出許多現(xiàn)象,如本科專業(yè)設(shè)置的盲目性和隨意性等,但歸根結(jié)底主要是由三類矛盾引起的：一是專業(yè)設(shè)置情況與社會(huì)需求之間的矛盾,二是專業(yè)設(shè)置結(jié)構(gòu)與人才培養(yǎng)之間的矛盾,三是專業(yè)設(shè)置權(quán)相對(duì)集中和高校要求自主的矛盾。這三對(duì)矛盾揭示出我國(guó)普通高校本科專業(yè)設(shè)置的問(wèn)題,并隱含了影響我國(guó)普通高校本科專業(yè)設(shè)置的幾個(gè)因素——高等教育理念和高等教育規(guī)律、國(guó)家政治環(huán)境和政府決策、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)情況和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展以及高校自身。在分析具體問(wèn)題的過(guò)程中,政府、市場(chǎng)和高校這三者的關(guān)系逐漸顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)。也就是說(shuō),只有把握好這三者之間分工協(xié)作的關(guān)系,才有可能使問(wèn)題得到根本性的解決。 針對(duì)我國(guó)普通高校本科專業(yè)設(shè)置的特點(diǎn)和出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題,文章也重點(diǎn)從政府、市場(chǎng)及高校三個(gè)層面詳細(xì)展開(kāi)并提出建議。宏觀上分析了政府對(duì)高校專業(yè)設(shè)置調(diào)控的手段,建議留更多的空間給高校,實(shí)施“有限政府”的管理方式。微觀上對(duì)高校內(nèi)部的管理機(jī)制進(jìn)行了研究,認(rèn)為高校自身才是進(jìn)行本科專業(yè)設(shè)置和調(diào)整的主體,應(yīng)在充分利用專業(yè)設(shè)置自主權(quán)的基礎(chǔ)上,明確自身定位、更新教育觀念,并立足區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,以優(yōu)化專業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),探索人才培養(yǎng)新模式為核心,滿足勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的需求。在市場(chǎng)和社會(huì)層面中,以發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)對(duì)本科專業(yè)設(shè)置的中介功能、社會(huì)各界加強(qiáng)對(duì)本科專業(yè)設(shè)置的監(jiān)管功能為主。在形成建議時(shí),還吸收了美國(guó)高校本科專業(yè)設(shè)置的經(jīng)驗(yàn),尤其是在適應(yīng)社會(huì)需求,強(qiáng)調(diào)基礎(chǔ)理論,以及建立靈活的專業(yè)課程體系等方面,對(duì)我國(guó)本科人才培養(yǎng)方案的規(guī)劃有一定的啟發(fā)。本研究同時(shí)還預(yù)測(cè)了未來(lái)我國(guó)本科專業(yè)設(shè)置的趨勢(shì),具有一定的超前性,有利于本科專業(yè)建設(shè)向可持續(xù)發(fā)展的方向邁進(jìn)。 需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,在解決我國(guó)本科專業(yè)設(shè)置出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題和矛盾時(shí),一定要結(jié)合我國(guó)高校本科教育的實(shí)際,不可機(jī)械模仿他國(guó)本科專業(yè)設(shè)置的模式。我們所追求的本科專業(yè)設(shè)置平衡是一種動(dòng)態(tài)的平衡,這其中的核心問(wèn)題是要處理好政府、社會(huì)和高校之間的關(guān)系,即各自把握“度”的恰適性,這樣才能給教育質(zhì)量以保障,才能促進(jìn)人才的流動(dòng)。同時(shí),我們提倡的是充分發(fā)揮高校自身的能動(dòng)性,即主動(dòng)創(chuàng)新能力或者適應(yīng)能力,而不是簡(jiǎn)單地按照政府的指令去做,更不是完全受市場(chǎng)的導(dǎo)向來(lái)設(shè)置專業(yè)。因而,本研究反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)在尊重高等教育規(guī)律的基礎(chǔ)上,建立一個(gè)本科專業(yè)設(shè)置系統(tǒng)的良性運(yùn)行機(jī)制,機(jī)制中各要素積極溝通,互相配合,充分發(fā)揮各自的職能作用,引領(lǐng)社會(huì)在經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技和文化上正確的前進(jìn)方向。
[Abstract]:The development of knowledge economy needs the promotion of high-quality talents. Colleges and universities bear the responsibility of cultivating talents. The development of social economy and the progress of science and technology can not be separated from the contribution of comprehensive professionals. However, since the enlargement of enrollment scale in China's higher schools in 1999, the problem of more and more difficult employment for undergraduate students has caused the society. All walks of life continue to pay attention to it. It is found that the employment situation of graduates has a direct connection with the setting up of undergraduate specialties in Colleges and universities in China. The two parties interact and interact with each other. Setting up can meet the needs of different types of talents for the society, and how to adjust the quality of the undergraduate education by adjusting the professional settings; what are the factors to be restricted and what advantages can be used in the setting of undergraduate majors in Colleges and universities. It is particularly necessary.
On the basis of the related concepts, historical background and research status of the professional setting, this paper tries to analyze the problems and influencing factors of the undergraduate specialty setting in the general colleges and universities, and select the American undergraduate specialty setting as the object of comparative study. The Countermeasures for the feasibility of setting up undergraduate majors in Colleges and universities are feasible.
At present, there are many phenomena in the colleges and universities in our country, such as the blindness and randomness of the undergraduate specialties, but in the final analysis, it is mainly caused by three kinds of contradictions: the first is the contradiction between the professional setting and the social needs, the two is the contradiction between the professional setting and the training of talents, and the three is the professional establishment. The contradiction between the relative centralization of rights and the demand for autonomy in Colleges and universities. These three contradictions reveal the problems of the undergraduate specialty setting in China's ordinary colleges and universities, and imply several factors that affect the setting of the undergraduate specialty in the ordinary universities of our country - the concept of higher education and the law of higher education, the state political environment and the government decision, the social and economic situation and the industrial knot. Construction, the development of science and technology and the university itself. In the process of analyzing the specific problems, the relationship between the three parties of the government, the market and the university gradually emerged. That is to say, it is possible to make the problem get a fundamental solution only by grasping the relationship of the Division and cooperation between the three.
In view of the characteristics and problems of undergraduate specialty setting in Colleges and universities in China, the article also focuses on the three levels of government, market and University, and puts forward some suggestions. Macro analysis is made on the government's means for the regulation of the professional setting of colleges and universities. It is suggested that more space should be left to colleges and universities to implement the management mode of "limited government". The management mechanism within the university has been studied. It is considered that the university itself is the main body of setting and adjusting the specialty of the undergraduate course. On the basis of making full use of the autonomy of the professional setting, it should clear its own position, renew the educational concept, and base on the development of the regional economy, in order to optimize the professional structure, explore the new model of talent training as the core, and satisfy the labor. In the market and the social level, in the market and the social level, in order to give play to the intermediary function of the undergraduate specialty, the community strengthens the supervision function of the undergraduate specialty. In the formation of suggestions, it also absorbs the experience of the undergraduate specialty setting in American colleges and universities, especially in the social needs, the emphasis on the basic theory, and the establishment of flexibility. The professional curriculum system, etc., has some inspiration for the planning of undergraduate training program in China. This study also predicts the future trend of undergraduate specialty setting in China, which has a certain advance, which is conducive to the direction of the undergraduate specialty construction to the direction of sustainable development.
It is necessary to emphasize that in solving the problems and contradictions of the undergraduate specialty setting in our country, we must combine the practice of undergraduate education in China's colleges and universities, and can not imitate the mode of undergraduate specialty setting mechanically. The balance of the undergraduate specialty setting we pursue is a dynamic balance, the core of which is to deal with the government and society. The relationship between the University and the university is to grasp the suitability of the "degree", in order to guarantee the quality of the education, and to promote the flow of talents. At the same time, we advocate the full use of the initiative of the university itself, that is, the ability to innovate or the ability to adapt, rather than simply according to the instructions of the government, and not completely by the city. As a result, this study repeatedly emphasizes that on the basis of respecting the law of higher education, we should establish a virtuous operation mechanism of the system of undergraduate professional setting. All the elements in the mechanism should communicate actively, cooperate with each other, give full play to their respective functions and functions, and lead the society in the right direction of economic, scientific and cultural progress.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G642.0

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