本文選題：民國(guó) + 國(guó)立大學(xué)�。� 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：回顧近現(xiàn)代高等教育的發(fā)展史,政府與大學(xué)之間的關(guān)系在全球范圍內(nèi)一直是一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,無(wú)論是西方國(guó)家還是東方國(guó)家,高等教育都是國(guó)家事業(yè)的一部分,政府作為統(tǒng)治階級(jí)的代表,會(huì)或多或少的對(duì)大學(xué)施加影響,而大學(xué)本身也會(huì)借助于政府的力量辦學(xué),兩者必然會(huì)發(fā)生關(guān)系,因此這是一個(gè)既無(wú)法回避、十分敏感,卻又無(wú)固定模式地日久而常新的復(fù)雜問(wèn)題。政府與大學(xué)之間的關(guān)系是當(dāng)今高等教育體制改革中的核心問(wèn)題之一,也是高校改革發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素之一。2010年7月,國(guó)家頒布了《國(guó)家中長(zhǎng)期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要(2010—2020)》,綱要明確提出：“為適應(yīng)中國(guó)國(guó)情和時(shí)代要求,建設(shè)依法辦學(xué)、自主管理、民主監(jiān)督、社會(huì)參與的現(xiàn)代學(xué)校制度,構(gòu)建政府、學(xué)校、社會(huì)之間的新型關(guān)系。”要求要進(jìn)一步“探索建立符合學(xué)校特點(diǎn)的管理制度和配套政策,克服行政化傾向,取消實(shí)際存在的行政級(jí)別和行政化管理模式”。高等學(xué)校要“按照國(guó)家法律和宏觀政策,自主展開(kāi)教學(xué)活動(dòng)、科學(xué)研究、技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)和社會(huì)服務(wù),自主設(shè)置和調(diào)整學(xué)科、專業(yè),自主制定學(xué)校規(guī)劃并組織實(shí)施。自主設(shè)置教學(xué)、科研、行政管理機(jī)構(gòu),自主確定內(nèi)部收入分配,自主管理和使用人才,自主管理和使用學(xué)校財(cái)產(chǎn)和經(jīng)費(fèi)”。 19世紀(jì)初的洪堡時(shí)代,西方就開(kāi)始系統(tǒng)的研究政府與大學(xué)的關(guān)系。而在我國(guó)關(guān)于政府與大學(xué)之間的關(guān)系的研究起步比較晚,隨著改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)社會(huì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的變化,社會(huì)積極要求擴(kuò)大辦學(xué)自主權(quán),政府與大學(xué)之間的關(guān)系開(kāi)始備受人們的廣泛關(guān)注,并成為社會(huì)熱議的問(wèn)題。經(jīng)過(guò)學(xué)者們的研究探討,目前已取得較多的研究成果,但是,民國(guó)時(shí)期政府與國(guó)立大學(xué)的關(guān)系的研究尚屬于比較陌生的課題,無(wú)論是史學(xué)界還是教育學(xué)界的研究者,很少有人進(jìn)行過(guò)系統(tǒng)的梳理和研究,因此,筆者選擇民國(guó)這個(gè)時(shí)期,在前輩研究的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)這個(gè)時(shí)期政府與國(guó)立大學(xué)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的整理和研究,希望能有所創(chuàng)新。 縱觀我國(guó)大學(xué)的發(fā)展歷史,政府對(duì)大學(xué)的管理經(jīng)歷了從集權(quán)管理到分權(quán)管理再到集權(quán)管理的變更,也就是大學(xué)自治與國(guó)家控制博弈的過(guò)程：大學(xué)努力追求自治,國(guó)家努力加強(qiáng)控制,并在二者相互博弈中,最終大學(xué)獲得一定限度的自治,國(guó)家也進(jìn)一步 規(guī)范、協(xié)調(diào)了高等教育,但總體趨勢(shì)是國(guó)家逐步加強(qiáng)了對(duì)大學(xué)的控制。中國(guó)本有大學(xué), 但是中國(guó)現(xiàn)代意義上的大學(xué)不是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的大學(xué)�，F(xiàn)代意義上的中國(guó)大學(xué)崛起于民國(guó) 時(shí)期,但是卻表現(xiàn)出了很強(qiáng)的后來(lái)居上的特點(diǎn)。從整體上說(shuō),中國(guó)現(xiàn)代大學(xué)從建立到 初具規(guī)模,其中特別優(yōu)秀的像北京大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)、東南大學(xué)(后改名為中央大學(xué))、 西南聯(lián)大等,可以說(shuō)只用了大約十年的時(shí)間。那么這種后來(lái)居上到底是如何實(shí)現(xiàn)的 呢?尤其中華民國(guó)38年間一直伴隨著戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)學(xué)在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中遭受著巨大沖擊并被迫開(kāi)始了 艱難的自主辦學(xué)探索,最終的教育成果卻是非凡的,它孕育了我國(guó)歷史上最好的教授 群體,培養(yǎng)了以諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)?wù)邽榇淼囊慌鷥?yōu)秀學(xué)生,這真是值得我們深思的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。本文將以北京大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)、東南大學(xué)以及抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的西南聯(lián)大為代表的國(guó)立 大學(xué)為研究對(duì)象,主要從民國(guó)時(shí)期中央教育行政機(jī)構(gòu)、大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)、大學(xué)的管理體制、 大學(xué)內(nèi)部治理等方面進(jìn)行闡述分析,對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)政府與大學(xué)關(guān)系的歷史真實(shí)進(jìn)行總結(jié)與分 析,為政府與大學(xué)的關(guān)系找尋一個(gè)成功的歷史例證,吸取歷史教訓(xùn),汲取民國(guó)時(shí)期政 府與國(guó)立大學(xué)關(guān)系的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn),在一定程度上豐富政府與大學(xué)關(guān)系的理論,并為當(dāng)代 政府與大學(xué)關(guān)系的健康發(fā)展提供有益的借鑒。
[Abstract]:Looking back on the history of modern higher education, the relationship between the government and the university has been a hot issue around the world. Both in the West and in the East, higher education is part of the national cause. The government, as the representative of the ruling class, will exert influence on the University, or more or less, and the university itself will borrow. To help the government to run a school, the two will inevitably have a relationship, so this is a complicated and complex problem that can not be avoided, very sensitive but without a fixed pattern. The relationship between the government and the university is one of the core issues in the reform of higher education system and one of the key factors of the reform and development of colleges and universities.2010 years. In July, the state promulgated the plan for reform and development of middle and long term education (2010 - 2020). The outline clearly stated: "to adapt to the conditions of China and the requirements of the times, to build a modern school system of running schools according to law, independent management, democratic supervision and social participation, and building a new relationship between government, schools and society." To establish a management system and supporting policies in accordance with the characteristics of the school, to overcome the tendency of administration and to abolish the actual administrative level and administrative management model. "Colleges and universities should independently develop teaching activities, scientific research, technological development and social services in accordance with national laws and macro policies, and independently set up and adjust disciplines, specialties, and self-discipline. The main formulation of school planning and organization and implementation. Independently set up teaching, scientific research, administrative management institutions, independent determination of internal income distribution, independent management and use of talents, independent management and use of school property and funds.
In the Humboldt age of the early nineteenth Century, the West began to systematically study the relationship between the government and the University. In China, the research on the relationship between the government and the University started relatively late. With the change of social politics and the economic situation since the reform and opening up, the society actively demanded the expansion of the autonomy of school running. The relationship between the government and the university has begun to become more and more popular. It has become a hot issue in the society. After the study of the scholars, many research achievements have been obtained. However, the research on the relationship between the government and the National University in the period of the Republic of China is still a relatively strange subject. No matter in the historiography or the researchers of the educational circles, few people have carried out a systematic review and research. Therefore, the author chose the period of the Republic of China, on the basis of the predecessors' research, and systematically collated and studied the relationship between the government and the National University in this period, hoping to be innovative.
In the history of the development of universities in China, the administration of the government has undergone changes from centralized management to decentralization management and then to centralized management. It is the process of the game between university autonomy and state control: the universities strive for autonomy, the state tries to strengthen control, and in the game of the two, the University obtains a certain degree of autonomy, The state is also further
Norms and coordination of higher education, but the general trend is that the state has gradually strengthened its control over universities.
But universities in modern China are not Chinese traditional universities. In modern times, Chinese universities are rising in the Republic of China.
However, it shows strong characteristics of coming from behind.
Take shape, especially outstanding ones like Peking University, Tsinghua University, Southeast University (later renamed Centre College).
Southwest United University and so on, it can be said that it took only about ten years.
Especially during the 38 years of the Republic of China, war science has been greatly affected by the war and has been forced to start.
The hard exploration of independent education and its ultimate educational achievements are extraordinary. It breeds the best professors in our history.
It is a matter for us to think about a group of excellent students represented by the Nobel prize winners. This article will be represented by Peking University, Tsinghua University, Southeast University, and the southwest United National Congress of the war of resistance during the war of resistance.
The university is the research object, mainly from the central educational administration, the president of the University, and the management system of the University.
University internal governance and other aspects of the analysis and analysis, the historical truth of the relationship between the government and the University was summarized and divided.
To find a successful historical example for the relationship between the government and the University, draw lessons from history, and draw lessons from the period of the Republic of China.
The valuable experience of the relationship between the government and the National University enriches the theory of the relationship between the government and the university to a certain extent, and for the contemporary era.
The healthy development of the relationship between the government and the university can be used for reference.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：G649.29

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